Adaptations

kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Classification system from general to specific

DNA, Structure, Biochemistry

What scientists use to classify

Genus and species

two groups used for scientific name

Adaptation

inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival

Physical, behavioral, physiological

three ways animals can adapt to their environments

physical adaptation

Anatomical or structural (long legs, streamlined body)

behavioral adaptation

something learned (playing dead, learning traffic patterns, feeding times)

physiological adaptation

process (highly concentrated urine of kangaroo rats)

Special adaptations for swimming fast

lunate tails, streamlined bodies, torpedo shaped

special adaptations for different light intensities

eye size, eye location, bio luminescence

special adaptations for protection

spikes, spines, camouflage, bright coloration

special adaptations for living in different environments

tail type, body shape, hunting styles

special adaptations for eating

mouth size, location, hunting style, tooth type

Torpedo body shape

fast swimmers

Flat body shape

bottom dweller

laterally compressed

Leisurely swimmers Enter crevices For quick bursts of speed

elongate

Live in narrow spaces and rocks

Large mouth

swallong prey whole

little mouth

nibbling on coral and plant matter

terminal mouth

eating food directly ahead

superior mouth

eating prey at or near the surface

inferior mouth

mouth on bottom, for eating off of the substrate

Lunate caudal fin

Tend to be the fastest fishes; maintains speed

Truncated caudal fin

Allows for quick turns and short bursts of speed

Emarginate

Least amount of drag; two lobes

Forked

2 lobes; helps reduce turbulence

Rounded

Good for acceleration and maneuvering not good for long distance

Adaptations to living in water

streamlined body, gills, fins, scales

Adaptations for plants that are fully submerged

Lack a cuticle, lack stomata, lack vascular tissue, have air pockets, examples: elodea, sea grass

adaptations for plants that are partially submerged

leaves above the surface of the water, veins have air pockets, example: sea lily

adaptations for roots only submerged

pump the salt from the water out of their roots, examples: cypress and mangroves