Studied by 5 peopleHow many members of the House?
435
How many members of the Senate?
100
House age requirement
25
Senate age requirement
30
House citizenship requirement
7 years
Senate citizenship requirement
9 years
Descriptive Representation
Mirroring constituents' personal, politically relevant characteristics
Substantive Representation
Speaking for the interests of groups of which they themselves are not members
When do voters appraise women candidats higher than male candidates?
Non-policy Characteristics (integrity, competence, etc)
Who is more likely to run for office when they detect a political opportunity?
Women (but they may be less ambitious if they are mothers)
When candidates have the same quality, male independents are (more/less) likely to vote for female candidates.
Less (by 23%)
To win against men, what must women be?
More qualified than their male opponents
From which body are incumbents more likely to win?
House
Why are Senate incumbents less likely than House incumbents to be reelected?
More worthy opponents (people with a political image and a lot of money)
Advantages of Incumency
Advertising, Credit claiming, weak opponents, campaign spending, party identification
What would be an example of credit claiming?
A) The road to nowhere B) Franking privileges C) More fundraising D) Appointing a student in a district to a military academy
A and D
Franking privilege
The ability of members to mail letters to their constituents using taxpayer money
Average House election cost
1.5 million
Average Senate election cost
9.7 million
T or F: In both the House and the Senate, the incumbent typically outspends the challenger by almost 200%
True
How would one defeat an incumbent?
Scandal, redistricting, a "tidal wave"
Most turnover in Congress occurs with...
Open seats
States with term limits...
Had more turnover in legislatures, were more likely to hold elections for open seats, had incumbents more likely to face challengers, and had general elections more likely to be legitimately contested by candidates
Note
Flashcard