AP ENVIRONMENTAL SCI MATCHING

Growth Rate (annual rate of increase)

The rate of growth of a population, as a percentage. Multiplied by the existing population, this rate gives the net yearly increase for the population

Total Fertility Rate

Average number of children each woman has over her lifetime

Replacement-level Fertility

A fertility rate that will just replace a woman and her partner.

Infant Mortality

Infant deaths per 1000 live births

Population Profile

A horizontal bar graph that shows the number of individuals at each age or in each 5 year age group.

Population Momentum

Property whereby a rapidly growing human population may be expected to grow for 50-60 years AFTER replacement fertility rate has been reached.

Crude Birth Rate

Number of births per 1000 persons in a population in a given year.

Crude Death Rate

Number of deaths per 1000 persons in a population in a given year.

Doubling Time

The time it will take a population to double in size.

Epidemiological Transition

The pattern of change in mortality from high death rates to low death rates

Fertility Transition

The pattern of change in birth rates in a human society from high rates to low rates

Demographic Transition

The transition of a human population from a condition of high birth rate & high death rate to a condition of low birth rate & low death rate

Cohort

All individuals born in the same calendar year

Per Capita Income

Amount of income earned per person per year

Life Expectancy

The average length of time individuals in a population can expect to live

Emigration

Individuals moving out of a population

Carrying Capacity

The maximum population of a particular species that a given area of habitat can support over a given period of time.

Age Structure Diagram

A graphical illustration that shows the distribution of various age groups in a human population (typically that of a country or region of the world); normally forms the shape of a pyramid.

Biotic Potential

The maximum rate at which a population can increase under ideal conditions.

Boom-and-bust Cycle

A population that repeatedly and regularly increases and decreases in size.

Population Growth Rate

How quickly the members of a group increase in number over a set period of time.

Population Viability Analysis

The process that determines the probability that a population will go extinct within a given number of years.

K-strategists

Species that use survival and reproductive "strategies" characterized by: -low birth rates-low mortality -longer life

r-strategists

Organisms with high biotic potential that are able to: -colonize a habitat rapidly-utilize food and resources-short life

Population Density

The total number of individuals of a species per unit area

Developing Country

Low to middle income countries, High CBR, High CDR

Developed Country

High income countries, Low CBR, Low CDR