Studied by 8 peoplePatriarchy
A form of social organization in which males dominate females
Agricultural Revolution
The change from food gathering to food production. Also known as the Neolithic Revolution.
city-state
a city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state.
hieroglyphics
Egyptian writing system
monumental architecture
Large structures, such as pyramids, temples, public spaces, and large statues, that generally appear wherever powerful leaders emerge.
First civilization: africa (200,000-250,000 years ago)
Homio sapiens begin to inhabitat grasslands of AfricaLiving in kinship groups. Hunting and gathering (stone blade and points). evidence of social and symbolic behavior.
how many years ago did men travel into asia?
100,000 years ago
how many years ago did men travel into Europe?
40,000 years ago
Eurasian technology during Part 1
spears, bows, needles, weaving baskets, and pottery
When does the start of the prologue start?
1200 BCE
where did the original farmers come from?
southeast Asia or more specifically mesopotamia
how many years ago did men travel into Australia?
50,000 years ago
what were some of the characteristics of agriculture?
-permanent settlements, rising temperature, population growth, new technology, knowledge of food production, specialization
how many years ago did men travel into the Americas?
10,000 years ago
how many years ago did men travel into the pacific?
3,500 years ago
Australian societies
-more complex understanding of the world known as dream time. networks of migration. egalitarian societies. patriarchy.
American societies
-clovis point technology; allowed hunting of larger animals.
pacific societies
-ocean going canoes and open water navigation. intention of colonization. highly stratified.
The first civilizations
Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus river valley, China, non-river valley civilizations of Americas
what are the similarities of all the first societies?
they live near water
River valley societies
Nile river valley (north africa), Yellow river valley (east asia), Indus river valley (south asia), mesoamerica, andes mountains
civilization
a society that has a city
hierarchy
A group organized by rank
written language of mesopotamia
Cuneiform
famous literature about life
-Epic of Gilgamesh (mesopotamia), book of the dead (egypt), Rig veda (indus river valley)
what religion emerged from indus river valley?
hinduism
hinduism
A religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms
what religion did the persians give us?
zoroastrianism
what religion did hebrews give us?
judaism
how did kings consolidate their power?
claim divinity
What did pastoralists do?
travel from one civilization to another spreading different cultures and ideas as they went
what becomes the fundamental principle for indian society?
hinduism (especially its teaching on caste)
Hindu Caste System
hierarchal strutcure where a person can move up a caste in their next life if they did good in their current one
what religion did hinduism lead to?
buddhism
what's the difference of hinduism and buddhism?
hinduism has a caste system and multiple gods
silk road
a series of ancient trade networks connecting china, europe, and the middle east
universalizing religions
religions that appeal to people.
mandate of heaven
the idea that there could be only one legitimate ruler of China at a time, and that this ruler had the blessing of the gods.
Daoism
A religion in China which emphasizes the removal from society and to become one with nature.
civil service exam
an examination conducted in India, used to appoint careers.
diaspora
A dispersion of people from their homeland
entrepot
commercial center where goods are received and reshipped
main teaching of buddhism?
life is suffering- reason we suffer is because of desire- stop suffering by killing desire
The eightfold path
In Buddhism, the basic rules of behavior and belief leading to an end of suffering
what arose from judaisim
christianity
what did jesus preach?
salvation is not by means of behavior but by believing in his own saving of death and resurrection for the forgiveness of sins
what were the 2 seperations of christianity?
roman catholics and orthodox christians
Confucianism
A philosophy that adheres to the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius. It shows the way to ensure a stable government and an orderly society in the present world and stresses a moral code of conduct.
why did confucianism become so important for china?
provided a predictable way of ordering society based on a hierarchal structure
what unified china after the warring states period?
confucianism
what is a continuity during chinese history
confucianism
what was one of the consequences of frequent war between different empires?
exchange of technology
Achaemenid empire (550-330 BCE) Persian empires
emperor used people called satraps to govern affairs of different districts and produced a highway system to move armies(overextended/taken by alexander the great
two persian empires
achaemenid empire and Parthian empire
chinese empires
qin and han dynasties
who established the philosophy of legalism
Qin shi Huangdi
Han dynasty
-diplomatic patterns with Roman empire. more advanced technology. began construction of the great wall. unified government through common culture. canals linking north and south.
mediteranean empires
-Phoenician city states, the greeks, the romans
how did the phoenician city states establish colonies?
democracy and trade
who gave us the alphabet and taught us to read from left to right?
phoenicians
who gave ideas of citizenship and democracy?
Greeks
Romans
-encouraged spread of people throughout empire to solidify roman culture
did the east side or west side of rome last longer?
eastern (Constantinople)
mesoamerican civilizations
-mayans
All important cities contained...
art, trade, religion, government
social structure for summary
political-merchants-warriors-crafts-labor-slaves
why did all of the empires fall?
overextension, internal disruptions, outside invaders
Gupta empire
Golden age of india; physicians, mathematicians, numbering system, hindu, diverse, tolerant, and patriarchal.
what shaped the sides of islam after muhammad died?
sunni-elect from all people. shia- blood inheritance
dar al islam
an Arabic term that means the "house of Islam" and that refers to lands under Islamic rule
Sui dynasty:
grand canal- connects china
tang dynasty:
expansion and growth (middle kingdom)
song dynasty:
meritocracy, productive capacity, neo-confucianism (government based on education)
japan:
shoguns vs emperors
africa
-small chiefdoms united by bantu influence, farming and iron, Islam
europe
-devolution of roman lands. feudalism and manorialism. orthodox church/roman catholic church. crusades.
americas
-mayans golden age ends, trade hubs, environmental destruction
meritocracy
government or the holding of power by people selected based on ability or intelligence
environment of china
yellow river and ghobe desert
south and south east asia environment
monsoon winds, himalayas, indus river valley
africa environment
sahara desert
europe environment
mountains
western hemipshere environment
appalachian mountains, andes mountains, mississippi river.
who controlled the Indian ocean trade routes?
south and southeast asia
Zoroastrianism
struggle between good and evil
Note
Flashcard