PBS 1.1.5

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid. Double-stranded. Type of nucleic acid consisting of nucleotide monomers with ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine.

Protein

Three-dimensional polymer made of amino acid monomers.

Nucleotide

A building block of DNA that consists of a five-carbon sugar bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.

Helix

Three-dimensional spiral

Adenine

A purine base component of nucleic acids found in DNA, RNA and in energy carrying molecules.

Thymine

A pyrimidine base component of the nucleic acid, DNA.

Guanine

A purine base component of nucleic acid, DNA and RNA.

Cytosine

A pyrimidine base component of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA.)

Genetics

A brand of biology that deals with heredity and variation of organisms.

Genes

A sequence of nucleotides that codes for a protein, resulting in a specific phenotype.

Genome

A complete set of genes in one organism.

Cells

Smallest unit of life.

Organelles

Tiny structures that perform a function in a cell. (Producing energy, housing DNA, etc.)

Eukaryotic Cells

Organisms that membrane-bound organelles.

Prokaryotic Cells

Lacking membrane bound organelles.

Chromosome

Tightly coiled DNA that if found in the nuclei of cells.

Histones

A protein that DNA winds around to condense into a chromosome.

PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)

A laboratory technique for amplifying DNA in-vitro.

Restriction Enzymes

recognizes specific nucleotide sequences and cuts DNA.

Recognition Sites

A sequence of DNA where a restriction enzyme cuts.

Recognition Digestion

The process of cutting DNA molecules into smaller pieces using restriction enzymes.

Gel Electrophoresis

The separation of nucleic acids or proteins on the basis of their size and electrical charge.