₊‧🫀.°.🧠⋆ 𝘤𝘭𝘪𝘯𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘭 𝘱𝘴𝘺𝘤𝘩𝘰𝘭𝘰𝘨𝘺 •˚🩺₊‧👩‍⚕⋆.

harmful and/or disturbing to individual. unable to function in a normal society

in legal setting difference between those who are held accountable for crimes (sane) and the ones who aren't because of psych disorders (insanity)

describes psychological disorders in general, not medical

diagnosis book. contains symptoms of psychological disorders. doesn't include much of the causes (etiology) or treatments

marked by clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior

concept that diseases have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital

study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change

overthinking. compulsive fretting, overthinking our problems and their causes

intense unwarranted fear of situation or an object

fear of enclosed spaces

fear of spiders

fear of open, public spaces

common symptoms of anxiety

constant, low-level anxiety

acute episodes of intense anxiety without any apparent reflex

intense fear and avoidance of social situations

person manifests a psychological problem through a physiological (body) symptom

reported severe physical problems but no biological reason can be identified.

in which a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease. (Formerly called hypochondriasis.)

conscious awareness becomes separated from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings

person can't remember things and no physiological basis for the disruption in memory can be identified

biologically induced (i.e. brain damage) amnesia (a person can't remember things)

when a person has several personalities rather than one integrated personality. often victims of sexual abuse or childhood trauma

known as unipolar depression too. intense sadness (and its affects) for more than 2 weeks. the "common cold" of all psychological disorders. depression caused by low levels of serotonin

experiences extreme or inappropriate emotions

seasonal depression. treated with light therapy

cognitive psychologist who created the cognitive triad, we create ideas about ourselves, world, and our futures. stated the depression caused by unreasonable negative ideas abt our cognitive triad

themselves, world, their futures

learned perspective that they are unable to control aspects that are controllable, unhopeful.

created the term learned helplessness with his test with 2 groups of dogs and their reaction to shocks

called before manic depression. involves depressed and manic episodes

a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state in which dangerously poor judgment is common

disorders marked by irrational ideas, distorted perceptions, and a loss of contact with reality

disorders that include disordered distorted thinking demonstrated through delusions, hallucinations, unorganized language, and/or unusual affect and motor behavior

perceptions in the absence of any sensory stimulation

beliefs that have no basis in reality

belief that people are out to get you

John Nash thinking the Russians were after him

belief that you have lots of power when in reality you don't

symptoms usually appear by late adolescence or early adulthood. as people age, psychotic episodes last longer and recovery periods shorten

can begin at any age, frequently occurs in response to a traumatic event

muscle tremors and stiffness

contradictory messages

Sally's parents expect her to not date until she finishes her school. Yet, her parents ask her "why doesn't she have a boyfriend" when she's in her 20s pursuing her career

environmental stressors can provide the genetic predisposition circumstances to express itself

inflexible and enduring behavior that impair social functioning

lack of consciousness of wrongdoing. little regard for other people's feelings. believes the world is a hostile place where people need to look out for themselves. they're insensitive to others and act in ways that bring pain, aggressive

rely too much on attention and help of others

feel persecuted

involves seeing oneself as center of the universe

overly dramatic behavior (histrionics)

overly concerned with certain thoughts and performing certain behaviors. not to the extent of OCD

persistent, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) cause someone to feel the need (compulsion) to engage in a particular action

obsession with perceived defects in one's appearance

flashbacks or nightmares following a person's traumatic event. symptoms linger for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience

marked by sexual attraction to something that's not usually seen as sexual

attraction to children

attraction to animals

attraction to objects

sexually aroused by watching others engage in some kind of sexual behavior

aroused by having pain inflicted upon themselves

aroused by inflicting pain on someone else

symptoms being unhealthy low weight, intense fear of fat and food, distorted body image. form of self starvation

involves binge-purge cycles which they eat large quantities and then attempt to purge food from their bodies

eating very large quantities of food in a short time while experiencing feelings of loss of control. episodes followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without compensatory behavior that marks bulimia nervosa

use of such substances or behaviors regularly negatively affects a person's life

less social and emotional contact than other children do, less likely to seek out parental support when distressed, intense interest in objects not viewed as interesting by most people, engages in simple repetitive behaviors

difficulty of paying attention or sitting still.

form of dementia, deterioration of cognitive abilities. memory loss.

made the rosehan study. his findings of faking an admission to mental institutes for diagnoses are inaccurate and not valid

making holes in skull for harmful spirits to escape

released people from mental institutions. intended to save money and benefit former inpatients. didn't work out in the end, led to many being homeless

efforts made to prevent the development of a disorder

tries to reduce societal problems that can lead to disorders, like homelessness and unemployment

tries to help at-risk people of a disorder.

counseling people who experienced trauma of a natural disaster or terrorist attack

tries to keep people's mental health issues from become more severe

people that already have an anxiety disorder are trying to be helped after an earthquake in hopes of the disorder to not become more severe

therapies that treat the mind and not the body

therapies that treat the body; drugs

therapeutic technique by freud. focuses on finding the root of the problem

a person gets successfully treated on a psychological problem, then gets another one. psychoanalytic therapists think this

an altered state of consciousness where there are less repressed thoughts

say whatever is on someone's mind out loud (yapping) doesn't hide/censor thoughts

actual content of dream described

interpretation of dream

in psychoanalytic therapy, the tendency to protect ones deeply repressed and troubling thoughts

in psychoanalytic therapy, patients having strong feelings toward their therapists because of past hurt relationships

modified Freud's ideas & uses ideas from other perspectives. still emphasizes on the unconscious

highlights importance of patients understanding of their problems

helps people understand and accept themselves and to reach their full potential

to reach one's highest potential

you can control your own destiny

you can't control your own destiny; it's outside of you

made client-centered/person-centered therapy.

acceptance no matter what client says

wouldn't tell what a client should do, but would help clients to choose a course of action. they often say very little, and listen more

mirror back feelings and clarify them. makes client feel heard

type of humanistic therapy. encourages to get in touch with whole self. emphasizes on being in the present

humanistic therapies that focus on making clients have subjective meaningful perceptions of their life; that their lives have meaning