Urinalysis AES Notes

________- produced by B cells in pancreas, allows glucose to enter cells, to produce energy necessary for cellular growth + metabolism, lack= hyperglycemia.

________- activity in the brain is depressed, can result in coma.

________- indicates ability of kidney to concentrate urine.

Urine- ________ of human bodys metabolism of food, forms in nephrons of kidneys, contains urea, uric acid, creatinine (byproducts of proteins), ammonia (main byproduct of amino acids)

________ (dehydration, shock, renal failure, kidney stones, enlarged prostate)

________- attached to each of the two kidneys, muscular tube, uses peristalsis to move the urine to the bladder.

________- what happens if urine is left out.

________- proteins in urine, significant indicator of renal disease.

________- due to hyperglycemia, when higher than renal threshold.

________- ketones in urine.

________ (lipid molecules) produce fatty acids and glycerol which produce 3 ketones that can be detected in the urine.

________ mellitus- most common disease associated with hyperglycemia + glycosuria, condition in which insulin is defective or produced in reduced amounts.

________- filters blood to remove waste products from it, excrete waste products from the body, maintenance of blood pressure (blood pressure- how much force heart has to pump to transport blood around the body & electrolytes balance & blood pH- acid base balance, hydro- regulation.

________- excess of ketones in the blood, 2.0- 40 mg /dl.

________: sodium nitroprusside detects acetone and diacetic acid.

________ nephrons- tiny structures in the kidneys made up of glomerulus, bowmans capsules, convoluted tubules, collecting tubules.

________- when no glucose is available, body breaks down fats for energy.

________- condition in which pH of blood drops, becomes more acidic.

________ formed from fats, when CH is not available, the body uses fats, then proteins as sources of energy.

when acidosis due to excess of ketones.

Causes (walls pf capillaries become more permeable and allow large molecules to pass through into urine filtrate)

light to dark yellow, clear

S.G. below 1.007 (hypertension, diabetes)

polyuria, polydipsia polyphagia

sodium nitroprusside detects acetone and diacetic acid

• when acidosis due to excess of ketones

• conditions associated with this: hypertension, diabetes mellitus, toxemia of pregnancy, UTI, glomerulonephritis (inflammation of glomerulus in nephrons)

blood in piss looks

liver damage/bilibubin in piss looks

pus, bacteria, UTI in piss looks

malaria, malignant melanoma in piss looks

WBC, bacteria, epitheliaal cells

mucous in piss looks

RBC's in piss looks

fat, chyle in piss looks

no amount of urine produced

the production of abnormally small amounts of urine.