6.1.3 Carboxylic acids

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<p>Pyruvic acid, shown below, is an organic compound that has a smell similar to ethanoic acid. It is extremely soluble in water.</p><p>Explain why pyruvic acid is soluble in water.</p><p>Use a labelled diagram to support your answer. (2 marks)</p>

Pyruvic acid, shown below, is an organic compound that has a smell similar to ethanoic acid. It is extremely soluble in water.

Explain why pyruvic acid is soluble in water.

Use a labelled diagram to support your answer. (2 marks)

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<p>Pyruvic acid, shown below, is an organic compound that has a smell similar to ethanoic acid. It is extremely soluble in water.</p><p>Explain why pyruvic acid is soluble in water.</p><p>Use a labelled diagram to support your answer. (2 marks)</p>

Pyruvic acid, shown below, is an organic compound that has a smell similar to ethanoic acid. It is extremely soluble in water.

Explain why pyruvic acid is soluble in water.

Use a labelled diagram to support your answer. (2 marks)

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2

Compound A, C4H8O3, can lose water to form either:

Compound B, a cyclic ester

OR

Compound C, a polyester

identify compounds A,B and C (3 marks)

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3

A student carries out a reaction using the same reagents as in part (g), but by heating the reaction mixture under reflux. Compound C is produced.

Explain what is meant by the term heating under reflux (2 marks)

To boil a liquid (1 marks)

With a vertical/upright condenser

OR allowing liquid to drop back into the flask

OR without liquid boiling away

OR prevent loss of products

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4

Write equations for the following reactions:

  • propanoic acid with sodium hydroxide

  • Butanoic acid with sodium carbonate

  • Sodium methanoate with hydrochloric acid

  • Sodium ethanoate with sulphuric acid

  • 2- methylpropanoic acid with sodium carbonate

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5

Write an equation for the reaction of butan-2-ol with ethanoic acid, showing clearly the structure of the organic product.

Name the type of organic product formed and suggest a use for this compound.

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6

Write an equation (word and displayed) for the formation of propanoyle chloride from propanoic acid.

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