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Atoms are made up of……
protons, neutrons, electrons
What charge are protons?
positive
What charge are neutrons?
no charge
What charge are electrons?
negative charge
What is matter made up of?
atoms
The number of what in the atom determines the element?
protons
What is an isotope?
same number of protons but different number of neutrons
Does an atom USUALLY have an equal number of electrons and protons?
yes
what is an ion?
has an unequal number of electrons and protons
what are the units of charge?
coulombs ©
The charge of an electron is
-1.6 × 10^-19c
The charge of a proton is
+1.6×10^-19
What does “charge is quantized” mean?
charge comes in discrete amounts
What is the smallest unit of charge in physics?
1/3e
What charge is an atom usually?
neutrally charged
Removing electrons gives what charge……
positive charge
Adding electrons gives what charge…..
negative charge
Do protons move?
no
What is a conductor?
a material where the elctrons can move freely about (metals, wires, water)
has lots of ions
What is an insulator?
a material where the electrons are not free to move
rubber, glass, air
What is a semi-conductor?
a special type of material that acts as both a conductor and insulator depending on the situation
can act like a switch letting electrons pass (conductor)
can block electrons from passing (insulator)
key to the information revolution
forces in decreasing order of strength
strong nuclear force
electromagnetic force
weak nuclear force
gravatational force
what is coulombs law?
describes force between two charged object
“The force between two charged objects is proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the objects.”
opposite sign charges….
attract each other
Similar sign charges…
repel each other
a pair of forces is describes as
“attractive” or “repulsive”
electric force
use newtons
inversly proportional the the square of distance
measured from centers
proportional to the product of the two charges
very strong
attractive or repulsive
gravitational force
use newtons
inversely proportional to square of distance
measured from centers
proportional to product of the two masses
very weak
attractive only
unit for charge
culombs
ways to charge
rubbing
contact (conduction)
induction
polarization
contact/conduction
When a conducting object is charged (either negatively or positively), that charge can be shared with other conducting objects by touching the objects together
induction
Charging by induction does not require touching, but does require a source (or sink) for electrons to travel from (or to)
rubbing
one object will become positive
one object will become negative
ONLY ELECTRONS MOVE NEVER PROTONS
polar
partial charges
polarization
charges shifted slightly to one side
overall nuetral
positive on one side
negative on the other side
Note
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