skeletal system - dc anatomy & physiology

Organs that are complex living structures made up of cells, protein fibers, and minerals.

Dense bone that looks smooth and homogenous, found in the shaft of long bones and surrounds spongy bone at the ends.

Bone composed of small pieces with open spaces, found in the ends of long bones and fills short and flat bones.

Mature bone cells found in tiny cavities within the bone matrix called lacunae.

The shaft of a long bone, composed of compact bone.

The end of a long bone, composed mostly of spongy bone.

Cartilages that cover the epiphyses of long bones for smooth movement at joints.

Found in the cavities of spongy bone and epiphyses of long bones, site of hematopoiesis (blood cell formation).

Bones that form the longitudinal axis of the body, including the vertebral column, bony thorax, and skull.

Composed of vertebrae, including 7 cervical vertebrae, 12 thoracic vertebrae, 5 lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, and coccyx.

Consists of ribs and sternum, protecting the organs of the thoracic cavity.

Formed by the cranium and facial bones, joined by immovable joints except for the mandible (jawbone).

A bone that does not directly articulate with another bone, providing attachment for muscles involved in floor of mouth, tongue, larynx, and apiglottis movement.

Includes the limbs and girdles that attach the limbs to the axial skeleton.

Consists of clavicle (collar bone) and scapula (shoulder blade), connecting the upper limbs to the axial skeleton.

Composed of coxal bones (ilium, ischium, and pubis), connecting the lower limbs to the axial skeleton.

Upper arm bone.

Lower arm bone on the pinkie side of the wrist.

Lower arm bone on the thumb side of the wrist.

Thigh bone, the largest bone in the body.

Knee cap.

Large bone in the lower leg, also known as the shin bone.

Smaller bone in the lower leg, forms the lateral ankle.

Bones that are longer than they are wide, such as the femur and humerus.

Bones that are roughly cube-shaped, such as the carpals and tarsals.

Bones that are thin, flat, and usually curved, such as the sternum and scapula.

Bones that do not fit into other categories due to their complex shapes, such as the vertebrae and facial bones.

Small, round bones that develop within tendons, such as the patella (knee cap).

Also known as articulations, where two bones meet and allow mobility.

Joints with no movement, such as the sutures in the skull.

Joints with slight movement, such as the pubic symphysis and intervertebral discs.

Joints with the most movement, separated by a cavity filled with synovial fluid, such as the ball and socket joints in the shoulder and hip.

The skeletal system provides an internal framework that supports and anchors soft organs.

Some bones protect soft body organs.

Skeletal muscles attach to bones and use them as levers to move body parts.

Bones store minerals (calcium and phosphorus) and fat (in yellow marrow), and red marrow is the site of hematopoiesis (blood cell formation).

The formation of bone from cartilage, occurring throughout development and growth.

The breaking down and reforming of bone that occurs throughout life to maintain proportion, strength, and healthy calcium levels.

Weakening of the bone that occurs with aging, leading to increased risk of fractures, especially in women over age 50.

Inflammation of the joints.

A condition caused by a lack of vitamin D, calcium, or phosphorus, resulting in soft bones, typically seen in children.

Protrusion of discs of cartilage between the vertebrae, causing pain, numbness, or weakness in the limbs.

Abnormal curvature of the spine, which can be congenital or result from disease or trauma.