APHUG: Units 1 & 2

The study of natural processes and the distribution of features in the environment.

The study of the events and processes that have shaped how humans understand, use, and alter Earth.

The exact location of an object.

The description of where a place is in relation to other places or features.

A place’s absolute location, as well as its physical characteristics, such as landforms, climate, and resources.

A place’s location in relation to other places or its surrounding features.

Argues that human behavior is largely controlled by the physical environment.

Describes the effect of distance on interactions. States that the farther away one thing is from another, the less interaction the two things will have with each other.

Describes the processes causing the relative distance between places to shrink due to technological advancements,

A theory that argues that humans have more agency, or ability to produce a result, than environmental determinism would suggest.

The use of Earth’s land and natural resources in ways that ensure they will continue to be available in the future.

An area that has one or more shared traits. The shared trait can be physical, such as a landform like a mountain range. It can be cultural like language or religion. Or it can be a combination of traits.

Defined as an area organized by its function around a focal point, or the center of an interest or activity,

The focal point of a functional region.

A type of region that reflects people’s feelings or attitudes about a place. It is defined by people’s perceptions of the area.

The expansion of economic, cultural, and political processes on a worldwide scale.

Describes the spatial and functional relationships between countries in the world economy.

Information measured by numbers.

Interpretations of data sources.

Captures, stores, organizes, and displays geographic data that can then be used to configure both simple and complex maps.

The shape and features of land surfaces.

When geospatial technologies gather data remotely.

An integrated network of at least 31 satellites in the U.S. system that orbit Earth ad transmit location data to handheld receivers.

Distance that can be measured using a standard unit of length.

Measured in terms of other criteria such as time or money.

The cardinal directions.

left, right, up, or down.

Generalized sources of geographic data and focus on location.

Have a theme or specific purpose and focus on the relationship among geographic data.

The number of people occupying a unit of land.

Measures the total number of people per unit area of land. Calculated by dividing the total population by the total land area,

The total number of people per unit of arable land.

Measures the total number of farmers per unit of arable land.

A type of agricultural in which crops are only provided for the farmer’s family and close community. It is done with few mechanical resources available ow work the land and more people are needed to care for crops and livestock.

Represents the threshold at which the population of a species levels off at an environmentally determined maximum because of a shortage of resources.

The number of people in a dependent age group divided by the number of people in the working-age group, multiplied by 100.

Number of births in a given year per 1,000 people.

The average number of children one woman in a given country or region will have during her childbearing years, which are ages 15 to 49.

The number of deaths of a given population per year per 1,000 people.

The number of deaths of children under the age of 1 per 1,000 live births.

The difference between the crude birth rate and the crude death rate.

Represents the shift in growth that the world’s populations have undergone, and are still experiencing, over time.

Describes changes in fertility, mortality, life expectancy, and population age distribution, largely as the result of changes in causes of death.

Government policies designed to curb population growth by discouraging citizens from having children.

Government policies that encourage births and aim to accelerate population growth.

Movement away from a location.

Movement to a location.

Predicts the interaction between two or more places. The model suggests that as the population of a city increases, migration to the city increases, and as the distance to a city grows, migration to that city decreases.

A negative cause that compels someone to leave a location.

A positive cause that attracts someone to a new location.

When people make the choice to move to a new place.

When people are compelled to move by economic, political, environmental, or cultural factors.

Immigrants to a new country retain strong cultural, emotional, and financial ties to their country of origin and may regularly return for visits.

Movement within a country’s borders.

A concept that states that the longer a journey is, the more time, effort, and cost it will involve.

A form of migration practiced by nomads who move herds between pastures at cooler, higher elevations during the summer and lower elevations during the winter.

A type of migration in which people move to a location because others from their community have previously migrated there.

A series of smaller moves to get to the ultimate destination.

Migrants who travel to a new country as temporary laborers.

When migrant workers move back and forth between their country of origin and the destination country where they work temporary jobs,

Limits on the number of immigrants allowed into the country each year.

Networks of relatives and friends-led migrants to follow the same path and settle.

Money earned by emigrants abroad and sent back to home countries.

Refers to the loss of trained or educated people to the lire of work in another-often richer-country.

The spread of ideas and culture traits through migration.