Midterm 1491

___ provide a form of adaptive immunity

The nature of the bacterial cell membrane determines a bacterium’s ___ and its response to antibiotics

A(n) ___ is the state or condition in which the body or body tissues are invaded by pathogenic microorganisms that multiply and produce injurious effects

Microbes enter the body through a location called the ____

The human intestinal tract contains many different types of bacteria, such as ___, which are essential for metabolism.

When organisms of two different species live together, this is called ___.

____ is an anaerobic bacteria, referred to as “gas gangrene,” that causes rapid tissue death in deep wounds deprived of oxygen.

A wound is described as necrotic when exudate (accumulation of pus, drainage, dead cells, and serum) may appear around the incision.

___ is/are a long filament that is responsible for bacterial motility.

Bacteria that cannot live in the presence of oxygen are called___.

The laboratory test to determine the thickness of a microbe’s cell wall is ___.

Many HAIs are caused by ___. It is a potentially lethal pathogen that can cause surgical site infection and can spread via the lymphatic system to other sites in the body, causing anaerobic cellulitis (infection of the subcutaneous tissue) and tissue necrosis (death).

____ is a virulent form of Staphylococcus that is transmitted mainly by direct contact with the hands, equipment, and supplies. Health care workers who carry the bacteria in their respiratory system may become carriers of the disease.

___ is not a separate disease organism by a syndrome that occurs because of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus.

___ infection is a term for hospital -acquired infection (HAI).

___ occurs in the period immediately after trauma.

When a pathogenic or nonpathogenic microorganism gains entry to wound’s sterile tissues and colonizes there, it is called ___.

Cellular organisms are divided into two types:_____, with each descending from different groups.

is a rare transmissible disease that attacks the central nervous system, is progressive, and is always fatal.

Direct transmission occurs when the gastrointestinal tract is perforated and bowel contents spill into the sterile peritoneal cavity

___ causes the greatest number of hospital-acquired infections in the United States.

Autoinfection is the spread of infection from one ____.

Staining is a process of coloring microbial specimens so that they can be seen with the____.

What is the movement of liquid through a semipermeable membrane according to differences in the concentration of substances on either side.

Bacteria and viruses cause most ___ that affect humans

What residential bacteria reside in the human colon?

A break in the skin, respiratory tract, mucous membranes, and gastrointestinal tract are examples of what?

When exudate (an accumulation of pus, drainage, dead cells, and serum) appears around an incision site, it is described as what?

What is the term for tissue death?

A type of symbiosis where one organism uses another to meet its physiological needs but causes no harm

A type of symbiosis where each of the organisms benefits from their relationship in the environment

A type of symbiosis where an organism lives within another organism and gains an advantage at the expense of that organism

E. coli that survive within the body as long as they remain in the intestine is an example of what?

Staphylococcus aureus on the skin proliferates and protects the skin from other invading organisms. This is an example of what kind of relationship?

Infectious disease is the result of ___ relationship between the host and the invading organism

What is the most common cause of a nosocomial infection?

Are bacteria considered eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

What is the most common cause of surgical site infections?

This is routinely performed to differentiate bacteria into two primary groups: gram + and gram -.

What bacteria does gram staining identify?

what is the appendage responsible for bacteria motility?

Bacteria that require oxygen to survive are known as ___.

This period is characterized by active and sometimes rapid cell division. The rate of cell division is often referred to as the doubling time or generation time of bacteria.

____ is an anaerobic bacterium that causes rapid tissue death in deep wounds deprived of oxygen. In true gas gangrene, the tissue is destroyed by the toxins of C. perfringens bacilli.

___ is the causative bacteria of tetanus, a disease of the nervous system. The bacteria is an anaerobic organism commonly found in the soil and the intestinal tracts of humans and other mammals.

This virus is transmitted via blood-to-blood contact, sexual contact, and contact with certain body fluids. This infection is confirmed by the presence of specific antibodies.

___ is a rare, transmissible disease of the nervous system that is progressive and always fatal. It represents a threat in the health care setting and current infection control standards require the use of disposable instruments for the types of procedures involving neurosurgery.

This pathogen cannot be cultured in the laboratory, and the immune system does not react to them. It is the pathogen that causes CJD in humans.

___ is the ratchet mechanism that holds the instrument in a closed position.

___ can invade the gastric mucosa and proliferate at a pH of 2.

This self-retaining retractor holds the eyelid. What is it called?

A ___ is used to cut and extract tissue and is extinguished by having a spring-loaded hinge.

Fibrous connective tissue requires heavy scissors, such as the ___ scissors for cutting.

Thumb forceps is a ___ instrument used for grasping tissue and suture needles during suturing and for general tissue manipulation.

___ blades and handles are smaller and more delicate than those used in general surgery.

A(n) ___ blade is detachable from the knife handle, although single-use scalpels are available and these do not detach.

The ___ is an atraumatic clamp, a noncrushing clamp used to manipulate the bowel or fallopian tubes.

Although almost all ____ and other bone-cutting instruments are powered pneumatically, one unpowered type is still commonly used during amputation.

Strong dissecting scissors such as ___ scissors are used on the fascia and large tendons

The ___ is used by mounting its ends on hook handles and drawing it through the bone.

Toothed ___ are used for suturing adipose tissue

The ___ carbide inserts in needle holders prevent the needle from slipping or rotating.

Only partially ___ clamps and smooth tissue forceps are used in the lungs, spleen, liver or thyroid.

Fine ___ are used in ear, nose, and throat surgery for the delicate bones and surfaces of the nasal sinuses and ear.

The ___ is a cylindrical instrument used to increase the inside diameter of a tubular structure.

A ___ _is a grasping instrument with sharp pointed tips, generally used to manipulate or grasp tissue such as the thyroid or cervix.

Suction (aspiration) is needed during a surgical procedure to clear blood, fluids, and small bits of tissue debris from the surgical site and provide an obstructed view of the ___.

The ___ clamp is used specifically in gynecological surgery such as hysterectomies to grasp the uterine ligaments.

__ reduces glare but it is also prone to staining.

___ instruments resist staining.

___ is a method that imparts color and hardness to the surface of the titanium.

A(n) ___ is used to remodel bone.

Beaver handle, commonly used in eye and ear surgery.

Stainless steel instruments can be damaged mechanically or ___, and/or there can be defects on the surface that lead to weakness or cross-infection.

Which suction tip is designed with multiple rows of perforations to prevent occlusion by the intestines in a laparotomy?

__ are available in many widths and sizes that fit a particular specialty.

These are used in many specialties for scooping out tissue, including bone and soft tissue. What instrument is it?

A(n) __ is a hollow chisel used to cut into and remove portions of bone, often used for bone grafting.

__ is a skilled, certified profession that requires expertise in the science and practice of materials management, decontamination, and sterilization

The higher the bioburden on an object, ____.

Central service technicians must wear special attire referred to as ____ to minimize their exposure to bloodborne pathogens and other contaminants.

Soiled instruments and equipment are received in the ___ area of the central service department.

Regulations under the Clean Air Act are administered by the

The agency which imposes very strict labeling requirements on manufactures of disinfectant used by Central Service departments.

Healthcare regulations and standards establish

Chemical indicators are classified as

Heart valves and pacemakers are examples of

Standards and regulations help set levels of __ in our departments.

Medical device reporting is regulated by the

The Department of Transportation enforces statutes relating to

Which of the following tracking methods provides real-time information?

Computerized tracking systems are fast, but manual tracking systems are more effective for tracking…

Which of the following is NOT considered one of the three occupational hazards of CS?

-Physical hazards

-Biological hazards

-Chemical hazards

Information about chemical or hazardous substances must be available to all employees.

What a technician cannot see what is in a sink or basin, they should:

Which of the following is NOT required for sharp safety?

The inventory system that use two identical carts to facilitate supply replenishment is called the

Supplies such as disposable wraps are called

Capital items are

In Central Service, the concept of “one-way flow of materials” refers to the movement of products