Prelims - Lipids (Part 2)

substance that can disperse and stabilize waer-insoluble as colloidal particles in an aqueous solution

cholesterol derivative that functions as an emulsifying agent that makes dietary lipids soluble in an aqueous environment of the digestive tract

Two sides of bile acid

Approx. how cholesterol produced by the liver is converted to bile acids

C-17 side chain is oxidized to _____

not the actual emulsifying agents in lipid digestion

oxidized side chain of free bile acids is bonded to an _____

linkage in simple bile acids

amino acid in simple bile acids that is/are used

have enhanced emulsifying ability due to stronger hydrophilicity

mixture containing emulsifying agents secreted by the liver

Where is bile stored?

Where is bile release during digestion?

Makes up mixture in bile

breakdown products of hemoglobin

Color of bile pigments

Color of bile acids

Involves intestine and liver

How many bile acids are excreted per day?

What cholesterol derivative(s) function as lipid-emulsifying agent in the aqueous environment of the digestive tract?

biochemical substances that has a messenger function; serves as a means of communication between various tissues

Hormones are produced by what?

Two types of messenger lipids

derivative of cholesterol

derivative of fatty acids (arachidonic acid); hormone-like molecules that exert effects in the tissues where they are synthesized; have very short life

control reproduction and secondary sex characteristics

female sex hormones; dev’t of female secondary sex characteristics at puberty; stimulate the dev’t of mammary glands during pregnancy

Where is estrogen synthesized?

term for heat in animals

male sex hormones; dev’t of male secondary sex characteristics at puberty; promotes muscle growth

Where is androgen synthesized?

pregnancy hormones; prepare the lining of uterus for implantation of fertilized ovum

Where is progestins synthesized?

primary estrogen; responsible for secondary female characteristics

primary androgen; responsible for secondary male characteristics

primary progestin; prepares the uterus for pregnancy

testosterone and estradiol are not exclusive to either males or females

generally a mixture of synthetic estrogen and progestin to prevent ovulation, thus creating a false state of pregnancy

a synthetic progestin

illegal steroids; used by athletes to build up muscle and be buffed

a synthetic tissue-building steroid

produced by the adrenal glands

How many hormones have been isolated from the adrenal cortex?

control the balance of Na and K ions in cells

control glucose metabolism and counteract inflammation

steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

No. of carbons and double bonds of eicosanoids

C20 fatty acid derivative containing cyclopentane ring and oxygen-containing functional groups; involved in raising body temp, relaxing and contracting smooth muscle, pain responses, etc.

term for fever-reducing

term for pain relieving properties

C20 fatty acid derivative containing cyclic ETHER and oxygen-containing function groups; produced by blood platelets to promote formation of blood clots

C20 fatty acid derivative containing 3 conjugated double bonds and hydroxy groups; promote inflammatory and hypersensitivity (allergy) responses

monoester of a long-chain fatty acid and a long-chain alcohol

How many carbon atoms does fatty acids in biological waxes have?

How many carbon atoms does alcohols in biological waxes have?

Are fatty acids in biological waxes saturated or unsaturated?

Are alcohols in biological waxes saturated or unsaturated?

properties resulting from the complete dominance of the nonpolar nature of the long hydrocarbon chains

lipids that can undergo saponification to yield two or more small molecules

other term for saponifiable lipids

linkage makeup of triacylglycerols

linkage makeup of glycerophospholipids

linkage makeup of sphingophospholipids

linkage makeup of sphingoglycolipids

linkage makeup of biological waxes

The metabolic precursor of most eicosanoids is

Some _____, but not all of them, are cholesterol derivatives.

All _____ are cholesterol derivatives.