Chapter 19: The Animals

________ use certain anatomical features when they try to determine if a fossil is a hominin.

________ have a pair of appendages on almost every segment and are carnivorous.

________ have two pairs of legs on most segments and are herbivorous.

________ are all endoparasites of various vertebrates and have an oral sucker and at least one other sucker used for attachment to the host.

________ are a group of arthropods that include spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites, and harvestmen.

________ are remnants of the notochord and are compressible, cartilaginous pads between the vertebrae.

________ are generally colorless, less than 5 cm long, and occur almost everywhere.

________ and marsupials represent some of the earliest mammalian groups.

________ enable females to nurse their young without leaving them to find food.

________ form symbiotic relationships with photosynthetic protists called dinoflagellates.

________ and human- made chemicals have caused a drastic reduction in amphibian populations worldwide.

________ are tree- climbing browsers, and kangaroos are grazers.

________ was a carnivore and was 5 m (16 feet) tall when standing on its hind legs.

The beating of the flagella produces water currents that flow through the pores into the ________ and out through the osculum.

________: an organ that bears many rows of teeth and is used to obtain food.

________ produces sessile adults with numerous cilia that move water into the pharynx and out numerous gill slits, the only chordate characteristic that remains in the adult.

________ have two germ layers during development (ectoderm and endoderm) and a tissue level of organization as adults.

________ are segmented worms with a well- developed coelom.

________ are now used to determine relationships among birds.

________ have few setae and include earthworms.

________ have economic importance as a source of food and pearls.

________ are important in many ways, such as being eaten by fishes and sea otters and being favored for embryological research by scientists.

________ are valuable in medical science for their blood cells extract.

________ have a brain size of about 400 cubic centimeters (cc), and modern humans have a brain size of about 1, 360 cc.

________ have many setae that help them anchor or move.

________ and hookworm infections are more common in the United States, with hookworm being very debilitating as the worms attach to the intestinal wall and feed on blood.

The ________ is complete with both a mouth and an anus.

________ are predators with a well- defined head region.

________, called planarians, have a ladder- like nervous system, cephalization, and three muscle layers.

________ are among the oldest terrestrial arthropods and are nocturnal, spending most of the day hidden under a log or rock.

________ develop inside the female's body but are born in an immature condition.

________ play a vital role in the food chain, with krill being a major source of food for baleen whales, sea birds, and seals.

________ are divided into subgroups: lophotrochozoans and ecdysozoans.

________ are the largest group of arthropods and are adapted to an active life on land.

________ are endoparasites of various vertebrates, including humans.

________ was an herbivore and was about 23 m (75 feet) long and 17 m (56 feet) tall.

The ________ made development on land possible and eliminated the need for a water environment during development.

________ refers to our species, Homo sapiens, and our close humanlike ancestors.

________ and rays are rather flat fishes that live partly buried in the sand and feed on mussels and clams.

________ first appeared in Africa and then migrated to Asia and Europe.

________ have a narrow waist that separates the cephalothorax from the abdomen and inject venom into their prey before digesting it externally.

________ and mites are parasites that feed on vertebrates, with ________ sometimes transmitting diseases such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever and Lyme disease.

________: are called ________ because of the two parts of their shells.

________ are parasites that use their round mouth as a sucker to attach to another fish and tap into its circulatory system.

Animals without a backbone are called __________.

The three ________ in animals are the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.

Animals with body parts arranged in a circular pattern have __________ symmetry.

The concentration of sense organs and nervous tissue at the front of an animal's body is called __________.

Animals with body parts arranged on either side of a central axis have __________ symmetry.

Animals whose mouth develops from the blastopore are called __________.

Animals with a body cavity that is not fully lined with mesoderm are called __________.

Animals that are filter feeders and have no tissues or organs are called __________.

Animals that have stinging cells and radial symmetry are called __________.

Flatworms that can regenerate their body parts are called __________.

Animals that have both male and female reproductive organs are called __________.

Soft-bodied animals with a hard shell are called __________.

Molluscs with a highly developed nervous system and a radula are called __________.

Molluscs with two shells that are hinged together are called __________.

Long, thin worms with a pseudocoelom are called __________.

Animals with a hard exoskeleton, segmented bodies, and two pairs of antennae are called __________.

Animals with eight legs, a body divided into two parts, and chelicerae are called __________.

Animals with six legs, a three-part body, and a pair of antennae are called __________.

Animals with a spiny skin, a water vascular system, and radial symmetry are called __________.

Animals that can live both in water and on land are called __________.

Animals with scales, a three-chambered heart, and a cloaca are called __________.

Animals that give birth to live young and nurse their young with milk are called __________.

Mammals that have a placenta, which allows the developing embryo to exchange nutrients and waste with the mother's blood, are called __________.

Primates that are more closely related to lemurs than to monkeys or apes are called __________.

Primates that have forward-facing eyes, binocular vision, and a large brain are called __________.

A member of the taxonomic family Hominidae, which includes humans, extinct bipedal apes, and their ancestors, is called a __________.

A member of the tribe Hominini, which includes humans, extinct bipedal apes, and their ancestors, is called a __________.

A group of extinct bipedal apes that lived in Africa between 4.2 and 1.2 million years ago are called __________.

The earliest known species of the genus Homo, which lived in Africa between 2.4 and 1.4 million years ago, is called __________.

A species of the genus Homo that lived in Africa, Asia, and Europe between 1.8 and 0.5 million years ago is called __________.

A species of archaic humans that lived in Europe and Asia between 400,000 and 30,000 years ago are called __________.

A group of archaic humans that lived in Siberia and Southeast Asia between 150,000 and 40,000 years ago are called __________.

A group of modern humans that lived in Europe between 45,000 and 10,000 years ago are called __________.