Biology, Cell's Quiz 2!

Cell-Theory

1. All living things are made of cells

2. Cells are the basic unit of life

3. All cells come from pre-existing cells by cell division.

Prokaryotic

Made of 1 cell, no nucleus, binary fusion is how it divides

Eukaryotic

1 or many cells, mitosis is how it divides, membrane-bound cell meaning has it's own fluid to keep apart from cytoplasm

Organelles

Miny organs of the cell

What do all cells have?

1. Genetic Material (DNA/RNA)

2. Cell Membrane

3. Cytoplasm

4. Ribosomes

Cell Membrane

Surrounds the outside of all cells, and regulates what goes in and what comes out of the cell, made up of two layers of fat.

Cytoskeleton

Threadlike fibers. It provides support for the animal cell, as it doesn't have a cell wall and can make organelles move. Not Found in Some Bacteria

Cytoplasm

The jelly substance of the cell holds everything in place. (Mainly made up of H2O)

Nucleus

holds the genetic data of the cell. Not found in Bacteria

Nucleolus

Makes rRNA which makes ribosomes, the big ball in the center. Not found in Bacteria

Ribosomes

Makes proteins, made out of proteins and rRNA.

Rough ER

has ribosomes on the surface; makes proteins and packages them up for secretion. Not found in Bacteria

Smooth ER

No ribosomes on the surface, make lipids which are part of the membrane. Not found in Bacteria

Golgi Apparatus

the folded membrane that gets vesicles of proteins from the ER. It then transports this protein whichever thing in the cell needs it. Not found in Bacteria

Vesicles

A Package/Cart that transports nutrients around the cell.

lysosomes

Contain enzymes, that break down bad stuff and can do programmed death. Only in Animal cells

Vacuoles

Large in Plant, Small in Animal. Meant to store water food and nutrition, waste. Not found in Bacteria

Centrioles

Made of microtubules, help the cell divide by pulling chromosomes during cell division. Only in Animal cells

Cilia

Shorter and in lots helps move fluid across the cell's surface. Only Animals and Bacteria

Flagella

Longer and fewer helps move the entire cell across through the exterior fluid. Only Animals and Bacteria

Mitochondria

inner membrane and the matrix, make energy ATP by breaking down food. Not found in bacteria

Choroplasts

two parts grain and stack, it's where photosynthesis happens. Plant cell ONLY

Cell Wall

A wall around the cell protects and maintains its shape, it is only found Bacteria and Plant cell. Cellulose - Plant Cell. Chitin - fungi. Peptidoglycan - bacteria

Central Vacoule

It's literally just a vacuole but a super big one. Only found in Plant cells :)

Difference and Similarities of the Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic.

Prokaryotic: No nucleus divides - binary fusion cell way - peptidoglycan

Eukaryotic Nucleus Membrane-bound organelle can be multicellular divides- mitosis cell wall- chitin and cellulose

Similarities cell membrane unicell ribosomes cytoplasm genetic material

Difference and Similarities between Plant and Animal Cell!

Plant Cell: Cell Wall Chloroplasts Large Vacuoles

Animal Cell: Centrioles/Centrosomes Small Vacuoles Cilia or Flagella

Similarities: Membrane ER Mitochondria Nucleus & Nucleolus Golgi Apparatus Cytoplasm Ribosomes Nucleus Eukaryotes Mitosis Membrane bound organelles

role of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates in the phospholipid layer

Proteins - Transports Carbohydrates - Structure Lipids - Signal, Communicate

Why are Ribosomes the most important organelle in the cell?

Ribosomes are the ones that create protein! Which is essential for all living lives. 3 things that help it are nucleolus which makes the rRNA which makes the cell. Golgi Apparatus then packages them a certain way. ER than uses the vesicles which the GA created and sends it wherever it is needed.

How does an egg become fertilized

egg(female) and sperm(male) combine than the zygote(fertilized egg) goes through mitosis

Stem Cells and two of its types

Undifferentiated cell that CAN become differenctiated, two types: Embryonic : cells that HAVENT been differentiated and can bcome ANY type Adult: Cells found in adult bone marrow that are PARTIALLy differentiated and can only become CETAIN types

Organism

one individual member of a species

Organ System

set of organs working together for a common function

Organ

set of tissues working together for a common function

Tissue

group of cells working together for a common function

Cell

most basic unit of life that has all the characteristics of life