IB Music HL: Romantic Era Vocab

A spiritual written before the 1840s

may have been created by a slave named Choctaw Willis who worked at a native american boarding school in Oklahoma

A white reverend heard the song and popularized it within the African American community

This song was arranged and rearranged multiple times by different artists of the early 20th century

An attempt by African American artists and philosophers to claim a “high culture” space for their people in order to counteract the racism they experienced in America

This led to spirituals being presented alongside European music as valid american art

This was a time where African American writers and Musicians gained popularity in the process of finding where their art fit into the European centered world which they lived in

Semi-improvised tradition of sacred songs

developed by black slaves and freedmen

often involved monophonic signing with some heterophonic elaboration

were full of rhythmic and melodic traits which were very different from the European norms

An extended call and response

would build into a religious fervor

developed by slaves from African traditions

Days of weeks when African American and European American people gathered to sing hymns of praise

Statement - departure - return (a familiar pattern for orchestral work)

A set of five notes in which the interval between the lowest and highest tones is a ninth

The effect was one of hovering between tonalities, creating elusive effects that evoke the misty outlines of impressionist painting

A musical style of composition in which clarity of structure and theme is subordinate to harmonic effects

characteristically using the whole-tone scale

Impressionism is also a literary or artistic style that seeks to capture a feeling or experience

One element that characterized the German musical theater of the early 1800s

Recurring themes, that represent a person, place, or idea. (leading Motives)

Integrated music, poetry, drama, and spectacle

Music genre, of a light, comic drama with spoken dialogue (in Germany)

Beautiful Singing

Comic Opera

Serious opera

A type of Shakespeare

EX: A Midsummer Nights Dream

AKA: Tone Poem

Formed out of the composers need for large orchestral forms

A program music for orchestra in one movement with contrasting sections that develop a poetic idea, suggest a scene, or create a mood

Most common type of orchestral program music through the second half of the century

A form of program music

Consisting of an overture and a series of pieces performed between the acts of a play and during important scenes

A rousing orchestral piece in one movement

Due to the popularity of program overtures, overtures became separate concert pieces and eventually disassociate from opera

A type of program to come out of an opera house

Where the overture served as an introduction to an opera or play

Short lyric piano piece, equivalent to the song

In which certain liberties are taken with the rhythm without upsetting the basic beat

A slow dance of Polish origin

in triple time

consisting chiefly of an intricate march or procession

Highly virtuosic study pieces

Racially charged theatre through which songs were popularized

A form of entertainment associated with minstrel shows

featuring songs, dances, and formulaic comic routines based on stereotyped depictions of African Americans

typically performed by white actors with blackened faces.

Usually performed by amature musicians in parlors

Often sweet, sentimental, and nostalgic.

The same melody may be repeated for two or three stanzas, with new material introduced when the poem requires it

Proceeds from beginning to end without repetitions of whole sections

The melody is repeated with every stanza/strophe of the poem

hymns, carols, as well as most folk and popular songs are strophic

Groups of Lieder that were unified by a narrative thread or descriptive theme

A German-texted solo song

generally with a piano accompaniment