classical greece (box notes 10-29)

Mycenaeans vs. people of Troy.

Athletic competition held every four years, and competed in honor of Zeus. They were held in the city of Olympia

city-state + citizens that included a city, surrounding villages, fields, and orchards

fortified hill - found in the center of a polis A temple was located in the acropolis

pubic square – at the bottom of the acropolis

a peninsula in Southern Greece

a form of government, 28 men over age 60, could propose laws to the assembly

"overseers" - 5 reprasentitives who could veto laws passed by the assembly

peninsula in Central Greece

written plan of government

An organized system of thought – “love of knowledge”

a work of writing by Plato about how he did not trust democracy

battle at which the Persians were defeated by the Athenian navy

the location at which an outnumbered Greek force held off the Persians

an alliance led by the Athenians to keep the Greeks safe

stretched from Egypt and Macedonia in the west to the Indus River in the east

Ptolemy (ruled Egypt, Libya, and parts of Syria. The most famous ruler was Cleopatra- who lost the kingdom to the Romans), Seleucus (ruled rest of Syria, Mesopotamia, Iran, and Afghanistan. 165 BC, Judah Maccabee reoccupied Jerusalem and rededicated the temple- celebrated by Hanukkah), Antigonus (ruled Macedonia and Greece)

a new culture formed from Hellenic ways of life mixed with elements of Middle Eastern culture (concentrated in cities like Alexandria – largest and wealthiest)

Zeno-founded Hellenistic Philosophy. Believed that what happened to people was governed by natural laws, and that people would gain happiness by ignoring their emotions and following reason (this way people were able to face difficult times and do their duties). affected Roman intellectuals and early Christian thinkers

written by Homer, and were epic poems set during the Trojan War

author of the Iliad and Odyssey. idk he was slay ig

nobles that took power from kings

Farmers who needed loans until crops were harvested

governments that exercise arbitrary power

Peloponnesus peninsula (southern Greece). Economy was based on agriculture, conquered neighboring city-states to gain farmland.

Spartan slaves

located in Attica – peninsula in central Greece. Only Athens-born men were citizens, non-citizens – women, foreign-born males, and slaves. Athens was extremely patriarchal. Citizens studied arithmetic, geometry, drawing, music, gymnastics, and rhetoric (art of public speaking)

led reforms that resulted in democracy for ancient Athens (508 BCE).

the performance of plays began in honor of him

reason triumphs over evil

wrote Orestria, where evil breeds more evil and in the end logic wins

wrote Oedipus Rex, where evil wins out

criticized both politicians and intellectuals. This form of play tried to make a point, entertain, and provoke a reaction

His plays are examples of Greek comedies.

developed the socratic method of teaching – question and answer

Socrates’ student – questioned reality, and he did not trust democracy

Plato’s student – learned from examining objects. He developed early science and wrote about ethics, logic, politics, poetry, astronomy, geology, biology, and physics.

Herodotus was first historian; wrote about the Persian Wars – believed divine forces impacted human events. Thucydides was the greatest ancient historian; wrote about the Peloponnesian War – focused only on human events.

war between Persia, Greece and Athens (Greece and Athens formed an alliance).

expanded Athens' empire and had a deep attachment to Direct Democracy.

fought between Athens and its allies and Sparta and its allies and lasted from 431-404 B.C.

king of Macedonia who increased army’s fighting power-organized infantry into Greek-style phalanxes. He was murdered in 336 B.C.

very educated, tutored by Aristotle. Alexander’s empire stretched from Egypt and Macedonia in the west to the Indus River in the east