CHAPTER 1

The name used to describe the muscular skeletal system and the muscular system working together.

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Bones that enable gross (large) movements.

Bones that enable finer controlled movements.

Bones that are often large and protect vital organs.

Bones that are specifically shaped to protect.

Bones that meet at a joint to enable movement.

scapula, clavicle, humerus

humerus, radius, ulna

pelvis, femur

femur, patella, fibula, tibia

tibia, fibula, talus

The function of the skeleton that provides a framework for the body and allows movement.

The function of the skeleton that protects vital organs from injury.

The function of the skeleton that allows movement when muscles contract and pull on the bones.

The function of the skeleton that provides something for muscles to attach to and supports the body.

The function of the skeleton that produces red and white blood cells in the bone marrow.

The function of the skeleton that acts as reservoirs for vital minerals such as calcium and phosphorus.

Where two or more bones meet and muscles act together to cause movement.

Freely-movable joints that allow different types of movement.

The most moveable joints in the body that can move away from and rotate.

ball and socket

ball and socket

hinge

hinge

hinge

Joints that can only move towards or away from the body like a hinge on a door.

Straightening or extending a limb.

Bending or flexing a limb.

Moving a limb away from the center line of the body.

Moving a limb towards the center line of the body.

A circular movement around a joint.

Movement of a bone or limb in a circular pattern. A combination of flexion, extension, adduction and abduction

Movement at the ankle joint that points the toes.

Movement at the ankle that flexes the foot upwards.

Connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone.

Pairs of muscles arranged on either side of joints that work together to create movement.

deltiod, trapezius, pectorals, lattissimus dorsi, biceps, triceps, rotator cuff

biceps, triceps

gluteals, hip flexors

quadriceps, hamstrings

gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior

the agonist

the antagonist

biceps and triceps

hip flexors and gluteals

hamstring group and quadriceps group

tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius

Muscular contraction that does not create movement, the muscle neither shortens nor lengthens

Muscular contraction that creates movement, muscle changes length

Muscular contraction when the muscle contracts and shortens.

Muscular contraction when the muscle contracts and lengthens.

The name used to describe the respiratory system and the cardiovascular system working together.

The system that includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood.

The system that includes the lungs and airways.

The process where oxygen moves into the blood and carbon dioxide moves out of the blood.

The protein found in red blood cells that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide.

A chemical formed when haemoglobin bonds to oxygen

Small air sacks in the lungs where gas exchange takes place.

Microscopic blood vessels that allow for gaseous exchange.

The distance traveled during diffusion.

The process of breathing in. The diaphragm contracts and moves downward, the intercostal muscles contract raising the ribs and pushing out the sternum, making the chest cavity larger.

The process of breathing out. The diaphragm relaxes, moves back into a dome shape, the intercostal muscles relax, lowering the ribs and dropping the sternum, making the chest cavity smaller.

A measurement of lung capacity using a spirometer.

The normal amount of air inhaled or exhaled per breath.

The amount of air that can be forced out after normal expiration.

The amount of air that can be forced in after normal inspiration.

The amount of air that remains in the lungs after maximal expiration.

The rhythmic throbbing felt as arteries pump blood around the body.

The flowing backwards of blood prevented by valves in the veins.

The phase of the heartbeat when the chambers of the heart relax and fill with blood.

The phase of the heartbeat when the chambers of the heart contract and empty of blood.

One cycle of diastole and systole.

Blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart under high pressure.

Blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

Microscopic blood vessels that link arteries to veins and allow for gaseous exchange.

Blood that is low in oxygen.

Blood that is high in oxygen.

When the heart muscles tighten and squeeze, pushing blood out of the heart.

The process of blood being forced out of the heart during contraction.

One complete cycle of the heart's contraction and relaxation.

The force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels.

The pressure of the blood when the heart contracts and ejects blood.

The pressure of the blood when the heart relaxes and fills with blood.

The movement of blood to different parts of the body during exercise.

The number of times the heart beats in one minute.

The amount of blood pumped out of the left ventricle with each heartbeat.

The total volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute.

Exercise performed at a low to moderate intensity, allowing the body to use oxygen for energy production.

Exercise performed at a high intensity without enough oxygen for energy production.

The amount of oxygen needed to recover after exercise.

Gradually reducing the intensity of exercise to help the body recover.

Making changes to the diet to support exercise performance and recovery.

Changes that occur in the body during and immediately after exercise.

Effects that last for 24-36 hours after exercise.

Extreme tiredness due to lactic acid build-up or prolonged exercise.

Changes that occur in the body after months or years of regular exercise.

Enlargement of an organ or tissue caused by an increase in the size of its cells.