66-78 Urbanization

An area surrounding a metropolitan center, with a
comparatively low population density

An area similar to a suburb, but unconnected to any
central city or densely populated area

suburbs, and two out of three people now live in suburban or exurban communities

the population shift from rural to urban areas

• A depletion of resources

• Impervious surfaces – roads, buildings, sidewalks, parking lots – do not allow water to reach the soil, leads to flooding

• Prevents groundwater recharge

• Replace traditional pavement with permeable pavement

• Planting trees

• Increased use of public transportation

• Building up, not out (Ex. Afton Ridge)

• Rain garden

urbanized areas that spread into rural areas,
removing clear boundaries between the two

• Automobiles and highway construction

• Living costs

• Urban blight

• Government policies

The degradation of the built and social environments of the city that often accompanies and accelerates migration to the suburbs

Occurs when cities replace natural land cover with
pavement, building and other surfaces that absorb and retain heat

Increase cost for air conditioning, more air pollution and heat related illnesses

• Decreased infiltration into ground – less groundwater recharge

• Rain washes pollutants into storm drains and surface waters (Ex. Salt causes plant and insect death)

turbidity (cloudiness) in water

leads to eutrophication

kill nontarget species

suffocate aquatic organisms

• Designed to allow stormwater to flow through and recharge groundwater

• Less runoff = less pollutants carried into storm drains and other surface waterways

• Less likely to flood

Costs more than traditional pavement

• Habitat for pollinators

• Sense of place – aesthetic value

• Stores CO2

• Fewer cars on the road

• Less runoff of gas, motor oil, antifreeze, tire pieces

• Less pollution, fewer emissions

measure of how much a person/group
consumes expressed in area of land

• Food production

• Raw materials

• Housing

• Electricity production

• Disposing of waste

• Affluence (wealth)

• Bigger house

• More travel

• More resources for material goods

• More meat consumption

• Fossil fuel use

• Using renewable energy

• Using public transportation

• Plant based diet

• Less consumption, less travel
  and less energy use