10th intro to shakespeare + julius ceasar

childhood (Shakespeare)

born April 23rd, 1564; baptized 3 days later; grew up in Stratford-upon-Avon (country-side town); middle class

Shakespeare's works

38 plays, 154 sonnets, 2 long narrative poems

English (Shakespeare's effect)

not standardized at time (grammar, spelling, pronunciation); Shakespeare introduced new words + phrases

topics (Shakespeare)

relevant today; included: love, death, war, fate, violende, greed, lust, aging, youth, and what it means to be human

grammar school (Shakespeare)

Shakespeare's school type (his was all-boys); public school of time; studied Latin and classical authors (Ovid, Virgil, Cicero, etc.)

Anne Hathaway (Shakespeare)

wife; married at 18 y/o (she was 26 y/o); quick marriage (for time); three children (Hamnet, Judith, Susanna); first born 6 months after wedding

career (Shakespeare)

began in London (late 1580s - early 1590s); famous (enough to get criticized)

The Kings Men (Shakespeare)

Shakespeare's theatre company; originally names 'The Lord Chamberlain’s Men'; changed after Queen died in 1603

Globe theatre

theatre made in 1599; on River Thames bank

drama (appeal)

unifying force; everyone could participate (or watch)

groundlings

poor people who watched for a penny; had to stand at show

locations (Shakespeare)

elizabethan theatres, court, + public playhouses

Puritans (Shakespeare)

dislikes his plays bc they showed immoral activities (bear-baiting, prostitution, gambling, etc.)

technical aspects (Shakespeare)

no women involved → played by young men instead; no lights, special effects, or fancy sets

Julius Caesar

first shown in 1599; audience alr familiar w/ story; creates connections b/w fall of Roman Republic + current world (begins w/ republic in trouble (bc too large to govern))

blank verse

commonly used by Shakespeare; duplicates rhythms of English speech; unrhymed iambic pentameter

iamb

unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable

pentameter

a line with 5 feet

varying the beat (uses)

breaks monotony; alters the emphasis

nobles (Shakespeare Literary Style)

speak in blank verse; occasionally speak in common prose to commoners or in banter

commoners (Shakespeare Literary Style)

speak in ordinary prose

puns

play on words; might be used to suggest 2+ meanings at once or 2 similar sounding words for humor

rhetorical questions

use of questions that require no answer to make the speaker’s rightness seem self-evident

pathos

appeal to emotion

ethos

appeal to authority; provides reasoning for trusting information source

logos

appeal to logic

Brutus (funeral speech)

justifies murder and focuses on own point of view

Antony (funeral speech)

emotions + passionate; focuses on the greatness of Julius Caesar and Caesar p.o.v.; more effective

Charisma (n.)

personal magic of leadership arousing special popular loyalty or enthusiasm for a public figure (such as a political leader)

Contention (n.)

a point advanced or maintained in a debate or argument

Ego (n.)

the self especially as contrasted with another self or the world

Faction (n.)

a party or group (as within a government) that is often contentious or self-seeking

Fatalism (n.)

a doctrine that events are fixed in advance so that human beings are powerless to change them

Distaste (n.)

to feel aversion to; to dislike

Imperative sentence (n.)

sentence that makes a command

Martyr (n.)

a person who sacrifices something of great value and especially life itself for the sake of principle; victim // great or constant sufferer

Omen (n.)

an occurrence or phenomenon believed to portend a future event

Portent (n.)

something that foreshadows a coming event

Tyrant (n.)

an absolute ruler unrestrained by law or constitution

Chastise (v.)

to express disapproval severely; to inflict punishment on

Denounce (v.)

to pronounce especially publicly to be blameworthy or evil

Downplay (v.)

to play down; to de-emphasize

Inflame (v.)

to excite to excessive or uncontrollable action or feeling (especially to make angry)

Refute (v.)

to prove wrong by argument or evidence

Ridicule (v.)

to make fun of

Snare (v.)

to win or attain by artful or skillful maneuvers

Affable (adj.)

being pleasant and at ease in talking to others; characterized by ease and friendliness

Condescending (adj.)

showing or characterized by a patronizing or superior attitude toward others

Corrupt (adj.)

characterized by improper conduct (such as bribery or the selling of favors)

Cynical (adj.)

having or showing the attitude or temper of a cynic (such as contemptuously distrustful of human nature and motives)

Discontent (adj.)

lack of satisfaction with one's possessions, status, or situation; lack of contentment

Fickle (adj.)

marked by lack of steadfastness, constancy, or stability; given to erratic changeableness

Invincible (adj.)

incapable of being conquered, overcome, or subdued

Mournful (adj.)

expressing sorrow

Paternalistic (adj.)

system under which an authority undertakes to supply needs or regulate conduct of those under its control in matters affecting them as individuals as well as in their relations to authority and to each other

Petty (adj.)

marked by or reflective of narrow interests and sympathies; having little or no importance or significance

Jovial (adj.)

characterized by good-humored cheerfulness

Reverent (adj.)

expressing or characterized by reverence (reverence: respect to someone or something); worshipful

Sacred (adj.)

highly valued and important (usually w/ a religious connotation)

Scornful (adj.)

full of contempt; openly disrespectful

Timid (adj.)

lacking in courage or self-confidence