AP Psychology - Vocabulary 12

our awareness of ourselves and our environment

periodic physiological fluctuations

the biological clock; regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24-hour cycle

a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed but other body systems are active

the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state

periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness--as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation

false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus

the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep

recurring problems in falling or staying asleep

a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times

a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleeping and repeated momentary awakenings

a sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, they occur during Stage 4 sleep, within two or three hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered

a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind. They are notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities, and for the dreamer's delusional acceptance of the content and later difficulties remembering it

according to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream

according to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream. Freud believed that this functions as a safety valve

the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation

a social interaction in which one person suggests to another that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will simultaneously occur

a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others

a chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood

the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect

the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug

a physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued

a psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions

compulsive drug craving and use

drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions. Includes alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates

drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment

opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety

drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions. Include caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, cocaine, ecstasy)

drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes

a powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels

a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition

psychedelic drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input

a powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid

the major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations

an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death; often similar to drug-induced hallucinogens

the presumption that mind and body are two distinct entities that interact

the presumption that mind and body are different aspects of the same thing

researched by Allan Hobson; dreams serve no particular purpose

dreams help us to find creative solutions to our problems

live in a vivid fantasy world which the person controls

sleep recharges our run-down bodies and allows us to recover from physical and mental fatigue

a cyclic tendency to become psychologically depressed during certain seasons of the year

the capacity to attend to and perform more than one activity at the same time

when you are awake and alert

periodic 1 to 2 second bursts of rapid brain wave activity

high levels of brain activity during REM may help to transfer information into long-term memory

according to Freud we dream to gratify our unconscious desires and needs; "All men are great in their dreams"

the principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks

a reflective practice in which people attend to current experiences in a nonjudgmental and accepting manner