Evolution Vocabulary Test

Process of evolution that allows the organisms best suited to the environment to survive and pass the favourable traits on to the next generation. occurs in populations not individuals requires: -variation in organisms in population -characteristics responsible for variation must be hereditary -more offspring must be produced than are necessary -changes must occur in the environment

Type of evolution resulting in the development of a new species

Formation of stronger, healthier offspring by outbreeding by adding new alleles to the gene pool

loss of genetic variation that occurs when a new population is established by a small number of individuals from a larger population

Speciation occurring due to physical barriers preventing interbreeding

Organism adapting to a changing environment so that it no longer resembles the parent species / the diversification of a group of organisms from a common ancestor into different forms in different ecological niches

Speciation occurring due to physical barriers preventing interbreeding

Parts of an organism that are similar in structure, but perform different functions, resulting from divergent evolution and arising from a common ancestor

Development of new species by evolutionary chnages due to genetic changes

Type of evolution resulting in increased variation at species level

Evolving of unrelated organisms developing similar adaptations to suit a common environment and have analogous structures

different structures which perform similar functions

Group of individuals of common ancestry, closely resembling each other, who can interbreed to produce fertile offspring

Study of the distribution of living organisms, past and present

all the alleles of a gene in a particular population

evolution of organisms from a common ancestor which have adapted to changing environments to develop into a new species and have homologous structures

similarities and differences in embryonic development

comparison of structures that show a gradual change /modification of structures that have evolved along the same group line

remains of a once living organism or traces of the activities of the organism that have been preserved into sedimentary rocks.

Changes that occur in the DNA sequence that produces variation and results in different characteristics developing in a population

-Use and disuse -Inheritance of acquired characteristic

Is the random changes in the (genetic) allele frequency in a small population due to a random event that may lead to speciation either by (bottleneck/founder effect)

-Fossil record -Homology -Comparative anatomy; Genetic similarities; Comparative embryology -Biogeographic distribution -Biochemical similarities

Short evolutionary bursts (phenotypic characteristics change) with periods of stability (equilibrium)

idea that continuous change at constant evolutionary pace

parts or structures present in an organism do not have functional use due to organisms evolving and adapting

Factors in the environment that will select/favour certain individuals based on particular characteristic

process where specific organisms with specific traits are selected for breeding purposes to produce offspring with desires traits

-similar DNA -closely resemble each other -interbreed and produce fertile and viable offspring

represents the incidence of gene variant in a population. alleles-number of times a particular gene appears in a population

sharp reduction in the size of a population due to environmental/human events which lead to reduction in gene pool and the prevalence of a particular characteristic

-formation of new species due to geographical/physical isolation of a few individuals -form a new population and can no longer interbreed

-formation of a new species due to reproductive isolation

-pre-zygotic (occurs before fertilization and no offspring produced)

temporal (two species mate at different times) ecological(two species occupy different habitats) behavioural(occurs when two species have different courtship behaviors/mating calls) mechanical(physical differences between species i.e. different sized dogs)

-post-zygotic(occurs after fertilization and offspring are not viable/fertile)

hybrid inviability(hybrids don’t rewatch reproductive maturity) hybrid infertility( hybrids are sterile/infertile) hybrid breakdown( first gen hybrid are fertile but second gen may not be able to either reproduce/ survive)

refers to existence/living of a population/species

-reproduction occurs naturally within a small, isolated populations -leads to gene frequency for a particular characteristic becoming more common in the population over time

-reproduction occurs naturally in larger populations that can freely interbreed and exchange genetic material -leading to greater variation and genetic diversity

-exchange of genetic material between larger populations -inbreeding/outbreeding through migration -happens through migration