Studied by 0 peopleWhat is a complex ion?
A (transition) metal ion surrounded by co-ordinately bonded ligands, e.g., [Cu(H2O)]2+.
What is a ligand?
An atom, ion or molecule that donates a pair of electrons to the central (transition) metal ion in a complex ion.
What are the three different types of ligands?
monodentate
bidentate
multidentate
What is a monodentate ligand and what is an example of one?
A ligand that can only form one coordinate bond with a central ion, e.g., Cl- or H2O.
What is a multidentate ligand and what is an example of one?
A ligand that can form more than one co-ordinate bond, e.g., EDTA4-.
What is a bidentate ligand and what is an example of one?
A type of multidentate ligand that can form two coordinate bonds with a central (transition) metal ion, e.g., Ethane-1,2-diamine (NH2CH2CH2NH2). This as a lone pair on each nitrogen.
How can you determine the total oxidation state of a transition metal complex ion?
It is written outside of the square brackets.
How can you determine the charge of the central metal ion in a complex ion?
Total charge of the complex ion - the sum of the charges of all the ligands.
What does the shape of a transition metal ion depend on?
It’s coordination number.
If the ligands are small (like H2O/NH3), six can fit around the central ion.
If the ligands are large (like Cl-), only four will fit around the central ion.
What is the shape of complex ions with a co-ordination number of six?
Octahedral. They often have water or ammonia ligands. The dashed lines are bonds sticking out and the wedges are bonds going in.
What is the shape of complex ion with a co-ordination number of four?
Tetrahedral. However, a few molecules will have a square planar shape.
What is an example of a transition metal ion with a square planar structure and what is it used for?
Cisplatin, an anti-cancer drug.
What is the shape of transition metal ions with a co-ordination number of two?
Linear. An example is Tollens reagent [Ag(NH3)2]+.
Note
Flashcard