Psych Vocabulary Chapter 7

the persistence of learning over time through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information.

the process of getting information into the memory system.

the process of retaining encoded information over time.

the process of getting information out of memory storage.

the immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system.

activated memory that holds a few items briefly (such as the seven digits of a phone number while calling) before the information is stored or forgotten.

the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences.

a newer understanding of short-term memory that adds conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory.

retention of learned skills, or classically conditioned associations, without conscious awareness.

unconscious encoding of everyday information, such as space, time, and frequency, and of well-learned information, such as word meanings.

retention of facts and personal events you can consciously retrieve.

encoding that requires attention and conscious effort.

the processing of many aspects of a problem at the same time; the brain's natural mode of information processing for many functions.

organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically.

memory aids, especially techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices.

the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice.

enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply rereading, information. Also sometimes referred to as the retrieval practice effect or test-enhanced learning.

explicit memory of facts and general knowledge; one of our two conscious memory systems

explicit memory of personally experienced events; one of our two conscious memory systems

a neural center located in the limbic system; helps process explicit memories for storage.

the neural storage of a long-term memory.

a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event.

an increase in a cell's firing potential. Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory.

memory demonstrated by retrieving information learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test.

memory demonstrated by identifying items previously learned, as on a multiple-choice test.

memory demonstrated by time saved when learning material a second time.

any stimulus (event, feeling, place, and so on) linked to a specific memory.

the activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory.

the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with your current good or bad mood.

our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list.

literally "without memory"—a loss of memory, often due to brain trauma, injury, or disease.

lasting physical change in the brain as a memory forms.

the forward-acting disruptive effect of older learning on the recall of new information.

the backward-acting disruptive effect of newer learning on the recall of old information.

in psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness the thoughts, feelings, and memories that arouse anxiety.

a process in which previously stored memories, when retrieved, are potentially altered before being stored again.

when a memory has been corrupted by misleading information.

faulty memory for how, when, or where information was learned or imagined.

that eerie sense that "I've experienced this before." Cues from the current situation may unconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience.