Electronic Structure of Atoms

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Pauli exclusion principle

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1

Pauli exclusion principle

________: only 2 electrons can occupy an orbital and their spins must be paired.

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2

Hunds rule

________: when orbitals of equal energy (called degenerate) are available but there arent enough electrons to fill all of them completely, one electron is added to each orbital before a second one is added to any of them; spins of the single electrons in the degenerate orbitals should be aligned.

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3

wavelike nature

The ________ of an electron that prefers to be delocalized, spreading the electron density over a large volume space.

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4

Electrons

________ are drawn as arrows.

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5

Aufbau principle

________: orbitals fill in order of increasing energy, from lowest to highest.

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6

Orbital

________: a region of space that can hold 2 electrons and has a specific quantized energy.

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7

Orthogonal

________: orbitals have no net overlap.

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8

Ionization potential

________: the energy it takes to remove an electron from an atom or molecule.

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9

Energy

________: the ability to do work.

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10

Shells

________ are divided into subshells (spdf)

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11

Quantization

________: only specific values of energy are possible.

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12

Energy level diagrams

________: pictorially designate where electrons are placed in an electron configuration.

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13

Electrons

________ in lower energy orbitals are held tightly to the nucleus.

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14

Quantization

only specific values of energy are possible

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15

Orbital

a region of space that can hold 2 electrons and has a specific quantized energy

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16

Orthogonal

orbitals have no net overlap

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17

Ground state electron configuration

electron configuration of lowest energy

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18

Aufbau principle

orbitals fill in order of increasing energy, from lowest to highest

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19

Pauli exclusion principle

only 2 electrons can occupy an orbital and their spins must be paired

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20

Hunds rule

when orbitals of equal energy (called degenerate) are available but there arent enough electrons to fill all of them completely, one electron is added to each orbital before a second one is added to any of them; spins of the single electrons in the degenerate orbitals should be aligned

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21

Energy level diagrams

pictorially designate where electrons are placed in an electron configuration

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22

Energy

the ability to do work

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23

Excited state

a state of a system at higher energy than the ground state

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24

Ionization potential

the energy it takes to remove an electron from an atom or molecule

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