Mammals

characteristic shared by all mammals

functions of hair

used to transmit sound in mammals

used to nourish young

allows efficient ventilation of lungs

hep mammals feed on varieties of foods

different specialized teeth in the tooth row (not all the same teeth)

seen in animals with sharks that have rows of teeth that replace each other

what group did mammals evolve from?

-the only synapsid group to survive beyond the Paleozoic

-developed errect gait

have a pair of temporal openings in the skull for the attachment of jaw muscles

which permits breathing while holding prey/chewing food

why is the secondary bony palate important mammals

where did high metabolic rates, enhanced jaw musculature, and the secondary bony palate develop?

teeth that are replaced only once as deciduous and permanent teeth while ancestral amniotes had continuous teeth replacement called polyphyodonts

homologous to the hyomandibula of other vertebrates that \n functioned for hearing in early synapsids

developed from articular and quadrate bones that previously served as jaw joint but became reduced in size to better transmit sound vibrations

2 clades of living mammals

what does the therian group consist of

mammal skin is generally ______ and serves as interface between animal and its environment

Hair follicle is an ______ structure,but lies deep in ________ of skin

glands associated with hair follicles

serves as insulation by trapping a layer of air underneath it

seasonal shedding of hair

hollow sheaths of keratinized epidermis that surround a core of bone rising from skull

branched structures made solid bone that occur in the deer family.

tubular, highly coiled glands found over much of the body surface of mammals

Allow for communication with members of the same species by marking territory, warning, and defense signals.

what do sebaceous glands secrete?

uniform tooth patterns seen in reptiles

teeth with simple crowns with sharp edges for snipping or biting

teeth with long conical crowns used for piercing

teeth with compressed crowns with one or two cusps for shearing and slicing

larger bodies and variable cusps for crushing and grinding

primitive mammal tooth formula

how are most mammal teeth (except molars) classified

-shrews,moles, anteaters, and most batsare usually small.

-Eat insects and other small invertebrates

adaptations of insectivores

feed on grasses and other vegetation

ruminant stomach

how does digestion occur in ruminants?

adaptions of carnivores

feed on both plants and animals

only mammals that can fly

how do bats sense their environment

are bats blind

how do plants attract bats to pollinate them

have grasping fingers, flat fingernails, and forward-pointing eyes with binocular vision and depth perception

primate group consisting of monkeys and apes

difference between new and old world monkeys

how do apes differ from monkeys

human fossil grouping that includes apes

all hominid fossils placed closer to humans than to chimpanzees (humans are the only extant species)

differences in human jaw

the hole in which the spine passes to the skull

significance of foramen magnum in human evolution

more adaptations that support human bipedalism