Chapter 9- Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

________ is defined as any set of reactions that uses electrons harvested from high- energy molecules to produce ATP via an electron transport chain.

The ________ of the mitochondrion also contains a pool of non protein molecules called ubiquinone.

________ that depend on electron transport chains with electron acceptors other than oxygen are said to use anaerobic " (no air) "respiration.

The energy to produce ________ in oxidative phosphorylation comes from an established proton gradient, not phosphorγlated substrates as used in substrate level phosphorylation.

In ________, one six- carbon molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of the three- carbon compound pyruvate.

The molecules involved in oxidizing NADH and ________ differ in their ability to accept electrons in a redox reaction.

Mitchell introduced the term chemiosmosis to describe the use of a proton gradient to drive energy- requiring processes, like the production of ATP.

________ is a metabolic pathway that includes glycolysis and an additional set of reactions that oxidize stockpiles of NADH to regenerate NAD+.

Once ________ is inside the matrix, it is processed by an enormous and intricate enzyme complex called ________ dehydrogenase.

The ________ enclosed within the inner membrane is the mitochondrial matrix.

________ have carboxyl functional groups by cells to fully oxidize the (R- COOH)

Portions of the ________ protrude into the interior of the organelle and expand to form sac- like compartments called cristae.

Organisms that can switch between fermentation and aerobic cellular respiration are called facultative anaerobes.

The regions between the outer and inner membranes, including the space within the cristae, make up the .

Each pyruvate produced by glycolysis is processed to release one molecule of C02, and the remaining two carbons are used to form the compound acetyl CoA

The two carbons from each acetyl CoA produced by pyruvate processing are oxidized to two molecules of C02

Electrons from the NADH and FADH2 produced by pyruvate processing and the citric acid cycle move through a series of electron carriers that together are called an electron transport chain (ETC)

By regulating key reactions involved in catabolic and anabolic pathways, the cell is able to maintain its internal environment even under different environmental conditions-a condition referred to as

An important advance in understanding how glycolysis is regulated occurred when biologists observed that high levels of ATP inhibit a key glycolytic enzyme called

Electrons from the NADH and FADH2 produced by pyruvate processing and the citric acid cycle move through a series of electron carriers that together are called an electron transport chain (ETC).

The two carbons from each acetyl CoA produced by pyruvate processing are oxidized to two molecules of C02.

Each pyruvate produced by glycolysis is processed to release one molecule of C02, and the remaining two carbons are used to form the compound acetyl CoA.

Portions of the inner membrane protrude into the interior of the organelle and expand to form sac-like compartments called

The regions between the outer and inner membranes, including the space within the cristae, make up the intermembrane space. The compartment enclosed within the inner membrane is the