Studied by 0 peopleWhen did Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins produce an X-ray image of DNA?
1951
True or False?
The discovery of DNA allowed scientists to discover the causes of hereditary diseases.
True
Who were the two scientists who created the electron microscope in 1931?
Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll
In the 1950 study about the correlation between smoking and lung cancer rates in men and women, who was more likely to develop lung cancer?
Men
True or False?
Studies in the late 1990s/early 2000s discovered that second-hand smoking was not harmful to a person’s health.
False
In the 21st century on why a healthy diet is important what disease was more likely to occur from eating too much sugar?
Type 2 diabetes
In the 1930s were blood tests used to diagnose a range of conditions?
Yes
In modern medicine, what is an ECG?
An electro cardiogram. This machine can monitor heart activity and check for irregular heatbeats.
How do people who suffer from diabetes in the 21st century regulate and control their insulin levels?
By using blood sugar monitors and can administer themselves through injections or automated insulin pumps.
What does the early 20th century term “magic bullet” mean?
It is the idea that one chemical treatment could attack harmful bacteria without hurting the rest of the body.
What was the world’s first “magic bullet”?
Salvarsan 606
What did scientist Gerhard Domagk discovery in 1932?
That a red dye called Prontosil killed infections in mice. This was tested on Domagk’s daughter who was dying from blood poisoning and Prontosil saved her life.
Define staphylococcus.
Staphylococcus is a type of bacteria that can cause blood poisoning and toxic shock syndrome. In the early 20th century staphylococcus developed resistance to “magic bullets”.
True or False?
Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin during a carefully observed trial in his laboratory.
False
Why were Howard Florey and Ernst Chain given ÂŁ25.00 by the British government during the Second World War?
They had successfully tested penicillin on mice. Their research caught the attention of the British government which was looking for an effective treatment against infection.
Did penicillin have a positive effect on the end of the Second World War?
Yes
Why has bacteria like MRSA become a danger to public health in the 21st century?
Some bacteria have become resistant to penicillin. They have become resistant because doctors have been pescribing antibiotics too often.
Define Laparoscopic Surgery.
Laparoscopic Surgery is an operation that can be completed through smaller incisions using cameras, also known as keyhole surgery. This helps the body heal from surgey more quickly.
When in the 20th century, was the National Health Service (NHS) launched?
1948
True or False?
GPs supported the creation of the National Health Service (NHS) in the 20th century?
False
By 1990 had deaths by infectious diseases fallen to less than 1%?
Yes
True or False?
The government’s role in illness prevention in the Medieval period was the same as in the 20th and 21st centuries.
False
What were the two main reasons why the government ended its laissez-faire attitudes in the 20th century?
They understood what caused disease
There were more methods to preventing disease
True or False?
The 20th century saw the implementation of more compulsory vaccination programmes.
True
Name three methods of disease prevention used by the British government in the 21st century.
Compulsory vaccination
New Public Health Laws
Better communication about health risks
When did the British government introduce the polio vaccine?
1962
What does HPV stand for?
Human Papillomavirus
Why do some people in the 21st century choose not to vaccinate their children?
A dislike of government interference
A lack of trust in medical professionals
The belief that vaccines are unsafe
What is the Clean Air Act?
The Clean Air Act was legislation passed by the British government in 1956 and 1968 to improve air quality and reduce respiratory diseases causes by air pollution
Why in the 21st century, did the British government place a larger emphasis on the public attempting to prevent some diseases themselves?
Science linked lifestyle to illness
The demand for the NHS increased
True or False?
The British government created healthy living campaigns such as Stoptober to educate the public about healthy living in the 21st century.
True
True or False?
Lung cancer is easy to diagnose.
False
What is a CT scan used for in lung cancer diagnosis?
A CT scan is used to create clearer images of the lungs for detecting cancer,
Define PET-CT scan.
A diagnostic imaging technique using a combination of positron emission tomography and computed tomography to detect cancerous cells.
How many pathways are there to diagnose lung cancer?
Two pathways.
True or False?
Cancer is measured in stages between 1 and 5.
False
Define radiotherapy.
Radiotherapy is the process of aiming radiation at a tumour to reduce its size
What side effects can chemotherapy have on patients?
Extreme sickness
Hair loss
A higher risk of catching infections
True or Flase?
If cancer has spread within the lung, patients can not receive a healthy lung from a donor.
False
Define pharmacogencomics.
Pharmacogenomics is when scientists adapt treatments to suit each individual’s DNA structure.
True or False?
Deaths linked to smoking were costing the National Health Service (NHS) ÂŁ165 million a year.
True
Name two ways the British government approached lung cancer prevention in the 21st century,
Influencing public behaviour
Passing laws to change public behaviour or face punishment
Note
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