Physics: Light-Reflection and Refraction

phenomenon of light ray incident on a reflective/polished surface, bouncing back.

wave, straight line and matter

1. Reflection

2. Refraction

3. Dispersion

4. Scattering

1. Distance from the object and mirror is equal to the distance between the image formed and the mirror (u=v)

2. Size of the object is the same as the same of the image formed.(ho=hi)

3. The image formed in laterally inverted from the object

4. The image formed is virtual (image cannot be captured on screen) and erect (same nothing changed)

spherical mirrors are the reflecting surface which is a part of a sphere

1. Concave

2. Convex

Concave: The reflecting surface is curved inwards

Convex: The reflecting surface is curved outwards

explain

Centre of reflecting surface of a spherical mirror

The reflecting surface is part of a sphere, the centre of this sphere is called the centre of curvature

The distance between the centre of curvature to the pole

The straight line passing through the centre of curvature and the pole

The point where all the reflected rays intersect on the principal axis

The distance between principal focus and the pole

diameter of the reflected surface

2f=R

1. The angle of incidence is same as the angle of reflection

2. The incident ray, normal and the reflected ray all lie on the same plane

There are 4 rules and each applies to convex and concave mirrors.

An incident ray parallel to the principal axis, after reflection will pass through the principal focus

An incident ray passing through the principal focus, after reflection, will be parallel to the principal axis

An incident ray which is directed at the principal focus, after reflection will be parallel to the principal axis

An incident ray passing through the centre of curvature, will reflect back in the same path

An incident directed at the centre of curvature will reflect back in the same path

Any incident ray on a spherical mirror wil