Chapter 6 - The Reformation

Italy

The fall of Constantinople

Wycliffe

Germany

The church court in Italy and France that sought to find and punish heresy

an opinion that’s against the church

John Huss of Bohemia

wrote a book about Renaissance manners

Greek

Lorenzo de Medici

Erasmus

a reformer in Switzerland

Luther

the teaching that the bread and wine in the Lord’s Supper change into actual body and blood of Christ

papers that grant pardon from the punishment of sin

authorized the issuing of indulgences to pay for the completion of St. Peter’s Basilica

demanded submission to the pope as a requirement for salvation

painted ‘The Last Supper’

Michelangelo

designed the dome of the Catherdral of Florence

invented the movable-type printing press

Latin and Greek

an English scholastic philosopher, theologian, biblical translator, reformer, Catholic priest, and a seminary professor at the University of Oxford.

The dialogue begins with a drunken Pope Julius II trying to open the gate of heaven with the key to his secret money-chest. He is accompanied by his Genius, his guardian angel. Behind him are the soldiers who died in his military campaigns, whom he promised would go to heaven regardless of their deeds. Peter denies him passage, even when Julius threatens him with his army and papal bulls of excommunication, and questions him about his deeds on Earth. Julius then goes into a lengthy explanation of his deeds and justifies his sins, ranging from simony to pederasty, with the fact that the pope has the authority to excuse any sin. Peter is disgusted by his description and turns him away. The dialogue ends with Julius planning to muster an army to create his own paradise and capture Heaven.

They wanted the old style of the Greeks and Romans

Latin and Greek

subjects that cover man’s interests

On 18 February 1546, Luther died at the age of 62 years. The reason for his death is assumed to be a stoke.

a French theologian, pastor and reformer in Geneva during the Protestant Reformation.

“rebirth”

The dismissal of an individual from the Roman Church

author of a Renaissance book of manners

author of ‘The Prince’

Father of Humanism

painted the ‘Mona Lisa’

a Catholic monastic order was founded to stop the Reformation and reverse the gains of Protestant convert

The Thirty Year’s War

Huguenonts

For in it the righteousness of God is revealed from faith for faith, as it is written, “The righteous shall live by faith.”

made literary works available to the public at a very low cost

the structure of humans, animals and plants

an art technique that Renaissance artists used to add dimension to their figures

the ability to give depth to paintings

a chapel built for Pope Sixtus in the 1400s. It’s famous for its ceilings that were painted by Michaelangelo

a sculptor, famous for the door he sculpted for the baptistery of Florence

designed the huge dome for The Catherdral of Florence

a close friend of Erasmus and served in the court of King Henry VIII in England. He wrote ‘Utopia’, a story about an imaginary country based on Christian principles and the philosophy of Plato.

1. knowledge of anatomy

2. use of shading

3. study of perspective

people of the Renaissance placed greater values on the created world and upon man

led men to inquire and seek the truth; resulted in discontent with the Roman Church; renewed an interest in manuscripts and languages of the Bible; renewed importance of the individual; movable-type printing made Bibles and other literature readily available at more affordable prices

emphasis on man’s ability in contrast to trusting revelation from God; weakened moral restraints; failure of the Church of Rome to provide a moral example to restrain evil

the belief that the wine and the bread literally turn into the very blood and body of Christ each time the priest recites the Latin phrase, “this is my body.”

Boniface VIII

the Inquisition (church court) was very cruel, they were taught they had to confess their sins to the priest who was suppose to be another Christ who they said had the power to forgive their sins, councils to reform the church, and the sale of indulgences

Luther, Zwingli, and Calvin

The Bible alone as truth (not Catholic traditions),

Faith alone (salvation is a GIFT, the Roman Church didn’t have to power to save anyone)

Priesthood of the believer (The Bible says believers are made into priests. They don’t need to have a Catholic priest)

a list made by the Roman Church that kept Catholics from reading anything that was put on the list. Books on the list the Roman Church didn’t like which included some versions of the Bible.

Romans Catholics who met together to demand changes to the church

to baptize again

Jesuits who founded to stop the spread of the Reformation

They taught that the Bible and their church traditions were of equal authority.