Oxygenation Pharm

inflammation

cold, rhinitis, sinusitis, acute pharyngitis/laryngitis

atelectasis, pneumonia, bronchitis, COPD, asthma,

alpha constricts, beta dilates

1 heart, 2 lungs

adernaline

inhaled sympathomimetics, inhaled anticholinergices, inhaled steroids, leukotriene modifiers

both gen antihistamines, sudafed, decongestants

antitussives, expectorants, mucolytics

keep airways open and improve gas exchange

(decrease histamine and prostaglandin, unblock obstructions, decrease swelling of membranes, loosen and mobilize secretions, dry secretions)

fever, green phlegm, over 2 wks, symptoms get worse

antitussives, decongestants, antihistamines, expectorants, mucolytics

expectorants, bronchodilators (sympathomimetics and antichol), antiinflammatory steroids

bronchodilators, antiinflammatories

bronchodilators, antihistamines, antiinflammatories

decongestants, antitussives, 1st gen antihistamines

2nd gen antishistamines

albuterol

acute bronchospasm, fast or long term management,

stimulate b2 adrenergic receptors, sympathetic, bronchodilation

increase ciliary motility and depress histamine

sympathetic, long and short, beta, caffeine or stimulants

1st line, anaphylaxis

beta for bronchodilation, alpha for vasoconstriction

prevent histamine release

sympathetic, fast everything, first line

ipratropium

block Ach to stop bronchi vasoconstriction, blocks parasympathetic stimulation,

vagus nerve

not acute, antichol effects, bad taste, 5 minute intervals, glaucoma tests

stimulate smooth muscle contraction = bronchooconstriction

budesonide

suppress immune, decrease inflammation, asthma, copd

decreases inflammation

promotes beta activity to relax smooth muscles and inhibit bronchodilation

inhaled long oral short, steroid swish candidiasis, hyperglycemia, anticholinergic, weak immune

montelukast

rhinitis, asthma, exercise spasm

prophylactic and asthma maintenance

suppress leukotrienes, reduce inflammation and bronchoconstriction

suicide risk, no acute asthma, once in evening

diphenhydramine

allergy, motion sickness

h1 receptor antagonists, block histamine

cholinergic

CNS depress, activated charcoal antidote, phenytoin IV for seizures, anticholinergic

cetrizine

peripheral, rhinitis, chronic idiopathic urticaria

antagonize histamine at H1 without binding or inactivating histamine completely

anticholinergic, longer

less cns effect, anticholinergic, lasts longer

nasal congestion, rhinitis, sinusitis, cold

allergies

mimic sympathetic by activating alpha 1 receptors in nose to vasoconstrict and open nose passages

abuse, rebound congestion risk so only 3-5 days, cns stimulation, no allergy

opioid (codeine) or dextromethorphan

chronic nonproductive cough

allergies or URI

depress cough reflex in medullary cough center

CNS depress, fluids and fiber, opioid abuse, prn only

guaifenesin/mucinex

thin mucus

reduce viscosity of secretions to thin mucus

lots fluids, cns depress, aspartame allergy not good

acetylcysteine

decrease mucus viscosity, reverse acetaminophen

break down disulfide links in mucus proteins to reduce viscosity

respiratory issues, clean nebs, bad smell, sugar syrups diabetes, APAP antidote

cough

antiinflammatory

not absorbed systemically