Ap human geo unit 7

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Textile

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41 Terms

1

Textile

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Vertical integration

The ownership of other businesses involved in the steps of producing a particular good.

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Nonbasic industries

Does not generate new money for the area. (Grocery store.)

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Basic industries

actions that create new wealth for a region. (Manufactured goods or commercial farm products.)

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Cottage industries

Small home-based businesses that made goods.

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Industrial belt

The process of the industrial revolution that stretched across the multitudes of the Northern Hemisphere.

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Deindustrializatiom

a process of deceasing reliance on manufacturing jobs.

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Standard of living

as the level of wealth, comfort, happiness, and material goods available to a specific socioeconomic class in a specific

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Primary sector

extracting the natural resources from the Earth.

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secondary sector

making products from natural resources.

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Tertiary sector

providing information and services to people.

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Quaternary sector

managing and processing information

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Quinary sector

creating information and making high-levels decisions

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Least cost theory

to explain the key decisions made by businesses about where to locate factories

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Multiplier Effects

the potential of a job to produce additional jobs.

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Bulk-gaining industry

factories located close to water and the market.

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Bulk-reducing industry

commonly made of many of these raw materials

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Break-of-bulk point

the procedure of transferring cargo from one mode of transportation to another.

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Labor-oriented vs Labor-dependent

labor oriented are focused on skilled works while labor dependent is the large amount of workforce.

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Right-to-work state

a U.S. state that has passed laws that prohibit companies and unions from negotiating contracts that require employees to join a labor union as a condition of employment

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Formal vs informal economy

the formal sector is the portion of the economy that is monitored by government while a informal sector is the portion of the economy that is not monitored by government.

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22

Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM)

a measure of inequalities between men's and women's opportunities in a country.

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Gender Inequality index (GII)

a composite measure of several factors indicating gender disparity.

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Gender-related development index (GDI)

Compares the level of development of women with that of both sexes.

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Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

the dollar amount of all final goods and services produced within a country in one year.

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Gross national Income (GNI)

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Gross national product (GNP)

they involve the money generated by citizens and business of a country regardless of where a resident lives when money is earned.

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Human development Index (HDI)

combines one social measure with three social measures.

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Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)

a measure of what similar goods cost in different countries.

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Literacy Rate

the percentage of the population that can read and write.

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Decency theory

the idea that the economic and political relationships between countries and regions limit the economic development of poorer areas.

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Glass Celling

another trend reflecting employment discrimination toward women is that women rarely obtain upper-level jobs in companies, the civil service, or in governments, practically in developing countries.

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Transnational Corporations

One reason for the expanded employment opportunities for women has been the efforts of transnational corporations.

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Microloans

a programs enacted by governments and international non-profit agencies.

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Rostow’s stages: Traditional

depends on primary sector activities for subsistence.

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Rostow’s stages: Preconditions for take-off

improves infrastructure

farming techniques and shifts toward commercial agriculture.

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Rostow’s stages: Take off

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Rostow’s stages: Drive to maturity

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Rostow’s stages: High Mass consumption

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Dependency theory

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Commodity dependence

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