Chapter 12: Language Contact

the language that provides most of the vocabulary of a pidgin.

the process in which an initially non- native language to a group of speakers is adopted as first languages by children in some speech community.

________ is a locally determined phenomenon.

the use of two or more languages or dialects within a single utterance or conversation.

speakers who are equally prestigious.

when whole communities speak multiple languages in everyday life.

develop from a pidgin language or prepidgin jargon when it is adopted as the first, or native, language of a group of speakers.

________ language- the language of the dominant or more prestige group.

the language of the less dominant or less prestige group.

the situation where different languages or dialects are used for different functions.

________ spoken outside Kupwar has a distinction that is not present in the Marathi pattern.

________ has no more speakers left.

when two or more distinct languages come into contact with each other either directly through social interaction of the speakers or indirectly through education or literature

the transfer of lexical items or structural properties from one language to another

words for basic items that most societies have words for (usually not borrowed)

individual words adopted into one language from another

phrases acquired through a word-for-word translation into native morphemes

languages in contact become more alike

a language has no more speakers left

determined by the duration of the linguistic contact as well as the level of interaction among speakers

speakers who are equally prestigious

develop in trading centers or in areas under industrialization

establishing grammatical conventions