Unit 6 Developmental Psychology

first 2 weeks; conception

(2 weeks - 2 months) formation of vital organs and systems

2 months - birth bodily growth continues

the age at which a baby can survive in the event of a premature birth

development of brain unfolds based on genetic instructions

harmful agents to the prenatal enviroment

physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by pregnant women drinking heavily.

a baby's tendency reflex

a baby’s startle reflex

reflex where a baby’s foot is stroked

a parent-infant "separation and reunion" procedure that is to test the security of a child's attachment [Mary Ainsworth]

a relationship in which an infant obtains both comfort and confidence from the presence of his/her caregiver

infants who display factors of avoidance or clinging

clingy attachment

rejects / avoids comforting

no consistent strategy for comfort seeking. (Insecure Attachment)

high in warmth but low on control

parents who are high in control and low in warmth

mild in control, warm to child

low warmth and low control (never there)

interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas

adapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information

infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions / motor activities.

realization in a child that people and objects exist even when they cannot be seen

(2-7 yrs) children learn mostly by mental images and language.

child's difficulty taking another's point of view [Pre-Operational]

one can undo an action

the understanding that an object may fit into more than one category

concrete operation that involves ordering stimuli along a quantitative dimension (such as length)

(7-11 yrs) learn to solve more complex problems using basic logic. cannot think abstractly.

(12-adulthood) can think through very complex problems

research in which the same people are studied and retested over a long period

a study in which people of different ages are compared with one another

created zone of proximal development.

the gap between what a learner can accomplish alone and what he or she can achieve with guidance from more skilled partners.

(0-18 months) pleasure centers on the mouth

(18-36 months) pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder elimination

(3-6 years) child's pleasure focuses on the genitals. (unconscious sexual drive towards opposite gender parent)

(puberty-on) sexual urges are once again awakened. adolescents direct their sexual urges onto opposite sex peers with primary focus of pleasure.

a boy's sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father

(birth-1 yr) infants learn to trust when they are cared for.

(1-3 yrs) toddler learns to exercise will and to do things independently; failure to do so causes shame and doubt

(3-5 yrs) the child takes charge as well as feeling remorse for doing something wrong

(6-11) Learning basic competencies and comparing themselves favorably with others-complements to gain self esteem-If child's efforts aren't supported-feeling of inferiority and inadequacy

(12-18) teenagers and young adults search for and become their true selves -form ego identity (self-image)

(18-35) individuals form deeply personal relationships, if not they are alone / feel isolated

(35-55 yrs) people begin to devote themselves more to fulfilling one's potential and doing public service, Stagnation is a midlife crisis.

(55+) evaluation of entire life. -integrity: looking back with satisfaction -despair: looking back with anger and frustration

describes development of moral reasoning by posing moral dilemmas to children and adolescents

(self-interest) obey rules to avoid punishment or gain concrete rewards-seen in children and immature individuals

uphold laws and rules to gain social approval or maintain social order

actions reflect belief in basic rights and self-defined ethical principles

draws attention to inequality and oppression. (feminism)

desire to maintain relationships and a responsibility to avoid hurting others

not to treat others unfairly and not to turn away from someone in need

infants bond with surrogate mothers because of bodily contact

the principle that properties such as solids can be conserved as a liquid or gas

a mental concept or framework that organizes and interprets information