science test

the smallest unit of a substance that maintanes the properties of that substance

a substance that is made entirely of one type of atom

a group of atoms held together by attractive forces called chemical bonds

a molecule that contains at least two different elements

the smallest functional and structural unit of all living things

_______ have special functions that keep the cells working properly

cells with a nucleus

cells that dont have a nucleus surrounding their genetic material

surrounds the cell

the gel-like liquid inside the cell

in eukaryotic cells, cellular respiration occurs in these organelles

genetic material in the form of a long molecule

1. all organisms are made of cells

2. cells come from existing cells

3. the cell is the basic unit of life

4. cells take in and use energy for life

a chemical compound that contains carbon atoms

1. proteins-contain amino acids

2. carbohydrates- made of C-H-O carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

3. lipids- long branching chains of hydrogen and carbon

4. nucleic acids- DNA and RNA made of nucleotides

________ is throughout the cytoplam of eukaryotic cells

Any material of plant, animal, microbial or other origin that carries genetic information and that passes it from one generation to the next

in ________, cells use oxygen to produce energy from food

the organelle that makes proteins by putting together chains of amino acids using instructions encoded in the cell’s DNA

1. cell wall

2. vacuole

3. chloroplasts

1. lysosome

a living thing that can carry out life processes by itself

made up of just one cell that performs all of life functions

made up of more than one cell

a structure made up of a collection of two or more tissues that carries out a specialized function

the arrangement of parts in an organism or an object

the structure of a cell, tissue, or organ

maintaining a stable balance in the body

exchanges materials directly with its environment. The cell membrane helps to regulate materials and maintain homeostasis

must work together to maintain homeostasis for the entire organism. Systems transport materials to cells from other places in the organisms

when equal numbers of chromosomes are sperated, and the nucleus splits to from two identical nuclei

the movement of particles across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell

the movement of molecules from high concentrations to low concentrations

the diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane

the movement of particles against a concentration gradient and requires the cell to use energy

some living things, such as plants and many single-celled organisms

many living things, such as people and other animals

a special group of consumers is made up of…..

plants use energy from sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make sugars

photosynthesis takes place in organelles called _______

chloroplasts contain a green pigment called ______

the process of breaking down food to produce ATP

anything that causes a reaction or change in an organism

an organisms reaction to a stimulus

a set of actions taken by an organism in response to a stimulus

a chemical signal produced in one part of an organism that affects cell activity in another part of the organism

the movement of organisms toward or away from an external stimulus

the movement of a plant in response to an external stimulus, such as light or gravity

animals that live in enviornments where it is difficult to survive year-round will move to enviornments where conditions are more favorable for survival

a deep sleep during which an animal slows down its body processes to save energy

a group of organisms that can reproduce only with one another and not with other organisms

a group of organisms of the same species that live in the same place at the same time

the differences that occur in individuals within a species

the practice by which humans breed specific plants or animals for deisred traits

the process by which organisms that inherit helpful traits tend to reproduce more successfully than other organisms do

more offspring are usually born than the envirornment can support. only some of them will survive into adulthood, and a smaller number of them will successfully reproduce

within a population there are naturally occuring variations in traits. genetic differences, or variations, pass from parents to their offspring

individuals try to get the resources they need to survive. these resources include food, water, space, and, in most cases, mates for reproduction

an inherited trait that improves survival and reproductive success of an organism