APUSH Civil Rights Leader stuff

Ruby Bridges

New Orleans, Louisiana

Was the first african american child to integrate into a white school

had to be escorted by court marshals

established the ruby bridges foundation

fights for accurate history teaching

fought for equality, discrimination, violence, prejudice

Diane Nash

Nashville, Tennessee

Sit in movement

supported Nonviolent protests

on the front lines of the freedom riders

Founding member of the SNCC

Was nominated by MLK Jr.

Leader of the Nashville Student Central Committee

Ella Baker

Mississippi

Social activist

sought to establish black economic power

fought against Jim Crow laws

Worked with MLK

under her guidance, SNCC became one of the most prominent civil rights groups/movements

MLK Jr.

Leader of SCLC

Leader of nonviolent peaceful protests

Organized the March on Washington

Organized the Montgomery Bus Boycott

Born in Atlanta, Georgia

Won the Nobel Peace prize in 1964

Most famous for his “I Have A Dream Speech”

Assassinated in Memphis Tennessee

John Lewis

Atlanta, Georgia

Inspired by MLK and Rosa Parks

One of the big six leaders of the civil rights movement

Challenged Jim Crow Laws, and was one of the planners of the March on Washington

President of the SNCC for three years

John Lewis voting rights act amending the original voting rights act

Was in congress

Medgar Evans

Mississippi?

Turned away from an election at gunpoint

Fought for desegregation after being rejected from law school

President of the RCNL

• led to non-violent protests against gas stations

Realized fighting for his country didn’t spare him from Racism

mississippi ’s first NAACP field officer

led protests to desegregate

Was discredited for having some kind of connection to the lynching of Emmett Till

Rosa Parks

Born in Tuskegee, Alabama

• Valued her education

Drop out of school at 16 to care for her grandmother

Was arrested in 1955 because she didn’t give up her sit to a white male (42 yrs old)

• was tired of racism

Was awarded the spin guard middle by the NAACP

Also received the MLK Jr award

12 years before she was arrested she was in the same situation but instead of not giving up her seat she just left the bus

Jackie Robinson

First black MLB player

Used his salary to support NAACP and support desegregation

was refused service with his team at restaurants and hotels

icon for young athletes

impacted the full integration of the MLB

MLB now has a Jackie Robinson day where everyone wears his number

Malcolm X

Prison 1946-62

Experienced racism by the KKK in Michigan

adopted last name X and rejected slave name

Organized Islamic temples

Believed in using violence in the fight for civil rights if needed

converted to semi Islam then joined the nation of Islam

Founded Islam’s newspaper

Expressed the pent-up anger of African Americans

Criticized MLK for his peaceful approach

Help spread and lead black nationalism

Founded the organization of Afro American Unity

created greater tension between blacks and whites

James Meredith

Mississippi

first experienced of racism on train with brothers

earned a law degree in politics

lead march against fear

currently 89

First African American to integrate the University of Mississippi

The Little Rock Nine

15-17 years old

All from little Rock Arkansas

were chosen to go to an all-white school

10,000 marshals were in front of the table sent by the mayor to not let them into school

were bullied and harassed a lot by other students

were all high school students

Fought for desegregation in schools

each started multiple civil rights movements and organizations

Andrew Young

Atlanta, Georgia

Assisted MLK in protests

Director of the SCLC

Helped with the March on Washington

Fought against segregation and blacks having the ability to vote

Thurgood Marshall

Houston, Texas

helped to desegregate schools (University of Maryland)

chief of NAACP

staff lawyer for the NAACP

won 29 out of the 32 cases he argued

notable for Murray v Pearson

• The University of Maryland had denied access to a black woman

• Won and desegregated University of Maryland

most notable for the Brown v Board of education win

This was an example of what happens when you use the court system effectively

was nominated by President Johnson and Became supreme court justice in the