Biomolecules

Carbohydrates, proteins and lipids

Molecules that are produced by cells or living organisms.

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, (sulfur)

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Biomolecules made up of Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen which are used as primarily as a short-term energy source.

A molecule that can join together with other monomers to form a polymer through a chemical reaction called polymerization.

Starch, cellulose, glycogen

Carbohydrate

Polymers of carbohydrates with two monosaccharides joined together.

Maltose, Sucrose

Glucose, fructose

C₆H₁₂O₆

1. Provide short term energy through cellular respiration

2. Structural support for cell walls

3. Energy storage for both plants and animals

Glycogen, a polysccharide is stored in the liver and muscles and can be quickly broken down into glucose.

Benedict’s solution

All monosaccharides and most disaccharides (excluding sucrose)

Positive: yellow, green, orange and brick red

Negative: remains blue

Iodine

Positive: Blue-black

Negative: remains orange-brown

All monosacharrides and disaccharides

All polysaccharides

Insoluble biomolecules composed of Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen which is used primarily to store energy in humans.

Fats that are in a liquid state in room temperature.

Glycerol and fatty acids

1. Primary energy stores

2. Adipose tissues used as insulation

3. Makes up the cell membrane

Oils are lipids stored by plants as seeds, and are extracted from plant seeds.

Ethanol emulsion

Positive: Milky white emulsion with a layer of undissolved fats.

Negative: Transparent solution.

3 fatty acid chains attatched to a glycerol backbone

Biomolecules primarily composed of the elements Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen which are used in the human body for growth and repair.

Amino acids

Amino acid chains (polypeptide chains)

1. Enzymes

2. Receptors

3. Haemoglobin

4. Muscle/organ tissue

The arrangement of the amino acids determines different polypeptide chain structures and thus the function of the protein.

1. Enzymes which speed up chemical reactions

2. Growth and repair of cells

3. Transport of oxygen in haemoglobin

Biuret’s test

Positive: Purple/violet

Negative: Blue