Biology 120 Notes (Part 20) The Discussion of Genes and Proteins

________ occurs when sister chromatids do split apart which causes genes to be copied onto the chromosome.

________ occurs when something goes wrong in meiosis which causes a chromosome to get removed.

________ occurs when a chromosome breaks and in the process of ________, the chromosome that breaks gets flipped and then attaches itself back to the other half of the chromosome from which it broke off from.

A _____________ is any permanent change in an organism's DNA and the two types are point mutation and chromosome- level mutations.

Genetic information is transferred from DNA to RNA to proteins in a process called _____________ and occurs in two steps.

________ is the second and last step.

________ contains a blueprint for the synthesis of proteins.

________ is needed to convert information found in the DNA to a sequence of amino acids.

The types of chromosomal mutations are deletion, ________, inversion, and translocation.

messenger RNA (mRNA), Transfer RNA (tRNA) and Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

/ www.thoughtco.com/types-of-chromosome-mutations-1224525 )

messenger RNA (mRNA), Transfer RNA (tRNA) and Ribosomal RNA (rRNA).

___________ carries messages from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.

__________ transfers amino acids to the ribosomes.

__________makes up part of the ribosomes.

______________ is the first step of protein synthesis. In this step, the RNA molecule produced is based on a DNA template.

___________ is the second and last step of protein synthesis. In this step, mRNA is read by a ribosome and is converted to an amino acid sequence.

metabolism (enzymes), support (i.e., collagen and keratin), transport (membrane proteins), defense (antibodies), regulation (some hormones), and motion (muscle tissue).

Groups of three nucleotides form __________.

redundant, unambiguous, non-overlapping, nearly universal, and conservative.

A _________ is any permanent change in an organism’s DNA and the two types are point mutation and chromosome-level mutations.

In a ___________, there is no change in the amino acid.

In a ____________, there is a change in the amino acid in the protein.

silent mutations, missense mutations, nonsense mutations, and frameshift mutations.

In ____________, it changes the amino acid into a stop codon.

In _____________, the reading frame is shifted which alters the meaning of all subsequent codons and there is an addition of or deletion of one or more nucleotides.

deletion, duplication, inversion, and translocation.

___________ occurs when a chromosome links itself to a different chromosome that also broken.