Studied by 48 peopleChromatids
Tightly coiled chromosomes, shaped like half an X
Sister Chromatids
Connected chromatids forming an X
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis
Order of mitosis
Prophase
The stage of mitosis in which DNA condenses into tightly coiled chromosomes, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and centrioles move to poles and form spindle fibers
Metaphase
The stage of mitosis in which spindle fibers attach to each chromosome, which each line up along the cell equator (middle)
Anaphase
The stage of mitosis in which chromatids separate to opposite sides of the cell
Telophase
The stage of mitosis in which the nuclear membrane starts to form, chromosomes uncoil, and spindle fibers fall apart
Cytokinesis
The stage of mitosis in which animal and plant cells divide
Homologous Chromosome
Chromosomes containing the same genes
Autosomes
Chromosomes containing your traits
Sex Chromosomes
Chromosomes determining biological sex
23
How many chromosomes do haploid cells have
46
How many chromosomes do diploid cells have
Somatic Cells
What type of cells are diploid?
Sex Cells
What type of cells are haploid?
2n
Symbol for diploid
n
Symbol for haploid
Somatic Cells
Cells making up body & tissue
Germ Cells
Sex cells before maturity
Gametes
Mature sex cells
Before meiosis
When does DNA replication occur for meiosis?
Meiosis I
The overall stage of meiosis in which genetic info is exchanged creating 2 haploid cells
Meiosis II
The overall stage of meiosis in which sister chromatids are divided creating 4 cells with a diploid number of chromatids
Crossing Over
The process in prophase I in which genetic info is exchanged between homologous chromosomes
Gametogenesis
The production of mature gametes
Fertilization
The initial fusion of egg & sperm
Zygote
The ultimate union of an egg & sperm
X & X
Female sex chromosomes
X & Y
Male sex chromosomes
Prophase I
The specific stage of meiosis in which chromosomes get into homologous pairs & genetic information is exchanged
Metaphase I
Homologous pairs line up along the middle of the cell
Independent Assortment
During Metaphase I, homologous pairs line up in different orders to create genetic diversity, a process known as _______
Anaphase I
The specific stage of meiosis in which homologous pairs separate from each other
Spermatogenesis
The process in which males produce 4 equal sperm, lasting from puberty until death
Oogenesis
The process in which females produce an egg
Polar Bodies
3 are produced during oogenesis and are eventually broken down
Prophase I
The meiosis process that begins in females as a fetus
DNA
Sperm contributes ___ to an embryo
DNA, Cytoplasm, & Organelles
Eggs contribute ___ to an embryo
Note
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