AP European History - Unit 1

Fall of Constantinople - capture of the capital of the Greco-Roman Empire by an invading army of the Ottoman Empire - spread scholars to Italy

Columbus sailed - Spain sponsored him

End of the renaissance - sacking of Rome

King gave land to nobles, nobles are the ones in control of the land and can do whatever they want - decentralized

3 popes, people put less fate in the church

In Germany, northern humanism, feudal - didn't centralized

Agreement between Emperor Charles IV and major German rulers - established 7 member electoral college

Civic reform + humanism, humanism applied on a daily basis

Medici family, where Renaissance started

Second hearth for the Renaissance

Ideals of Plato - that humans were rational and had the ability to think, flattering view of humanity

Northern Humanism

Conquerer of the Aztecs

Legislative body in France - combined clergy, nobility, and the commons

Judicial - England, gave king the power to choose the judges

Cortes, Pizarro

Prince Henry "The Navigator", Bartholomew Dias, Vasco Gama

Lancaster and York, Lancasters ended up taking power

Killed 1/3 of Europe's population, demand for labor went up

Between England and France, France was victorious

England, Henry Tudor - how England became centralized

Family mostly in control of Holy Roman Empire

Wrote a book of poems on the accomplishments of women in history

Ruler of Spain and Holy Roman Empire - sacked Rome

King of France - advised by Leonardo da Vinci (on military engineering, etc), invaded Italy

Most corrupt pope in history, assisted the invasion of Italy

Warrior pope, advocated for the military - Julius Excluded from Heaven

Unified Florence, Milan, and Naples - against Venice and Papal states

Invited France to reclaim territory of Milan, after France took it, Milan switched sides against France

Family from Pope Alexander the VI

Richest family in Italy, patrons of artwork - added lot of money to their country, hired despots - bankers (stabilized Florence by controlling it internally)

Castile and Aragon - unified Spain

The Prince

Spanish Painter - his religious paintings are most famous

"Father of Humanism"

Utopia - with education, people are rational and make good decisions

Praise of Folly, Julius Excluded

By Van Eyck

Germany

Medieval Architectural style

Greeks and Romans

Parliament of Spain

Present day historian - described the renaissance

Commissioning artwork

Treaty between Portugal and Spain - to not infringe on territory

Right to use "Indians" as workers in the New World

Replaced encomienda - required male Indians to devote labor to Spanish empire - labor tax

New art style in late 16 and early 17th century - based off Renaissance masters

Came under attack for Jewish/Hebrew learning and was defended by academics

People who sell mercenaries (specifically Germans) for despots

Language spoken by the common people