ORTE 1055

1) What is the one of the primary roles of closures, straps, and pads in ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs)?

a. Aesthetic enhancement

b. Enhancing gait

c. Improving proprioception

d. Increase brace strength and rigidity

2) How do closures and straps contribute to joint stabilization in AFOs?

a. By increasing joint flexibility

b. By securing the affected body segment or joint

c. By reducing the overall required support of the orthotic support

d. By enhancing comfort during movement

1) What is one of the primary purposes of straps and closures in Ankle-Foot Orthoses (AFOs)?

a. Aesthetic improvement

b. Correcting foot deformities

c. Positioning and stabilizing the foot, ankle, and lower leg

d. Enhancing overall orthotic appearance

1) How do orthotic straps and closures aid in the rehabilitation process?

a. By offering additional leverage for flexion and extension exercises

b. By offering additional cushioning during rehab exercises

c. By expediting and enhancing the rehabilitation process through support and corrective forces

d. By reducing the need for medication through increased localized pressure therapy

1) Which of the following is NOT a role of orthotic strapping, closures, and pads for AFOs?

a. Enhancing gait

b. Joint stabilization

c. Rehabilitation support

d. Localized pressure therapy

1) How do orthotic strapping, closures, and pads contribute to pain reduction?

a. By increasing strain on muscles and joints

b. By exacerbating discomfort in different areas to take away from the problem areas

c. By gently realigning affected areas and reducing strain

d. By adding weight to the distal lever arm reducing wight and pressure to the pain area.

1) In what situations can dynamic corrective and control features of closures and straps be especially beneficial?

a. While swimming with brace add on fins

b. During casual walking

c. While performing the Patella Test

d. During orthotic maintenance and performance testing

1) Why is adaptability/adjustability important for closures and straps in orthotic devices?

a. To make them last longer

b. To reduce their overall cost from static closures

c. To accommodate different levels of correction for various activities

d. To decrease the need for reinforcement service adjustments

1) Which component(s) are crucial for providing stability, support, and control within AFOs?

a. Closures

b. Straps

c. Pads

d. All options are correct

e. Only Straps and Pads

f. Only Closures and Straps

1) What is the significance of material choice for closures, straps, and pads in orthotic devices?

a. It affects the device's overall aesthetics and patient compliance/noncompliance.

b. It has no impact on the device fit and function only aesthetics and durability

c. Directly influences durability, lifespan, ease of maintenance, and overall comfort of device.

d. It primarily influences the orthotic device's weight and lighter materials are better.

1) What type of closure does a traditional leather cuff, strap, and metal center bar buckle offer for metal AFOs?

a. Continuous adjustability

b. Incremental adjustability

c. Velcro closure

d. Snap closure

1) What is the primary advantage of the center bar buckle mechanism in traditional leather cuffs?

a. It allows for continuous adjustability

b. It provides secure and step-by-step fastening

c. It stretches to adapt to the patient

d. It works directly with the Velcro hook strap

1) How does the strap and buckle closure in traditional leather cuffs enhance stability and security?

a. By offering continuous adjustability

b. By having ultrasonically welded nylon

c. By providing incremental adjustability

d. By firmly locking in place once adjusted

1) What is the main advantage of hook and loop straps?

a. Incremental adjustability

b. Continuous adjustability

c. Secure and step-by-step fastening

d. Metal center bar buckle

1) When might hook and loop straps be less effective according to the provided information?

a. When continuous adjustability is required

b. In temperatures below 30 degrees Fahrenheit

c. Under excessive pressure

d. When used in conjunction with a center bar buckle

1) Which material can be used to reinforce hook and loop straps?

a. Leather

b. Dacron

c. Both are correct

d. Neither are correct

1) According to the material, what may lead to the unintended release of Velcro straps?

a. Temperatures above 70 degrees Fahrenheit

b. Water

c. Excessive pressure and obstructions stuck to the hook

d. Metal center bar buckles coming loose

1) What are some metal AFO variations mentioned in the provided information?

a. Pleather cuffs and straps

b. Chason straps with carbon loops

c. Lap-over cuffs

d. Metal click lock straps

1) What is the primary purpose of a calf lacer when strategically positioned higher on a metal AFO?

a. To restrict calf movement

b. To prevent hyperextension at the knee

c. To reduce weight and force on the ankle

d. To enhance overall leg comfort

1) What are the characteristics of Russet Leather?

a. Lightweight and breathable

b. Known for water absorption

c. Durable, wear-resistant, and flexible

d. Available with antimicrobial and antibacterial backing

1) What applications is Russet Leather ideal for?

a. Covering metal components

b. Arch pads and corrective straps

c. Calf cuffs, calf and thigh lacers, or ankle gauntlets

d. Lining leather inside russet lacers

1) Which animal source is typically used for Russet Leather?

a. Sheepskin

b. Cowhide

c. Pigskin

d. Goatskin

21) What are common weight ranges for AFO and KAFO lacers and cuffs made from Russet Leather?

a. 1-3 oz

b. 10-12 oz

c. 5-9 oz

d. 13-15 oz

21) What are the characteristics of Kip Leather?

a. Heavy weight and water repellency

b. Lightweight, flexible, and supple

c. Rigid and Dense

d. Available in high density and low density durometers

21) What applications is Kip Leather commonly used for?

a. Creating cuffs

b. Lining leather inside russet lacers

c. Reinforcing Dacron straps

d. Covering metal components

21) Where is Kip Leather derived from?

a. Old cattle hides

b. Young or small cattle hides

c. Sheep hides

d. Buffalo hides

21) What is another use mentioned for Russet Leather besides calf cuffs and ankle gauntlets?

a. Shoe tongue reinforcement

b. Upholstery

c. Lining of cuffs

d. T-straps

21) What beneficial properties does leather acquire after being processed, including pre-tanning, tanning, and finishing?

a) It becomes lightweight and breathable

b) It becomes fast-drying and UV-resistant

c) It becomes firm, water repellent, and durable

d) It becomes highly elastic and compressible

27) What are the primary layers in the complex structure of leather?

a. Grain, flesh side, and collagen

b. Upper, middle, and lower layers

c. Corium, grain, and collagen

d. Outer, inner, and core layers

27) How is leather thickness typically measured?

a) In centimeters and millimeters

b) In pounds and inches

c) In square yards and feet

d) In square feet and ounces

29) What is one drawback mentioned regarding leather devices in the O&P field?

a) They are not durable

b) They have high water absorption

c) They can be bulkier than synthetic devices

d) They are less breathable than synthetic materials

29) What options are available for buckles used in orthotic devices?

a) Center bar buckle, H-bar buckle, and various metals or metal plating

b) Hook and loop closure

c) Snap closure

d) Magnetic closure

31) What is the primary material used in Dacron Webbing?

a. Cotton

b. Polyester

c. Nylon

d. Leather

31) What are some options available for Chafe and Loop in orthotic applications?

a. Plastic chafe, metal loop, plastic loop, oval loop, and rectangle loop

b. Leather chafe, rubber loop, oval loop, and square loop

c. Elastic chafe, fabric loop, oval loop, and triangle loop

d. Hook and loop closure, snap closure, and buckle closure

31) Which types of custom chafes are mentioned in the provided information?

a. Leather angle fold and back fold

b. Metal double fold and metal triple fold

c. Dacron double fold and Dacron triple fold

d. Plastic double fold and plastic triple fold

31) What is the primary purpose of the instep strap (used in thermoplastic AFOs)?

a. To secure the leg back within the AFO

b. To secure the foot down and back within the AFO

c. To correct for valgus/eversion of the calcaneus

d. To control internal tibial rotation

31) In what position should the instep strap be ideally positioned in a thermoplastic AFO?

a. 90 degrees to the ankle

b. 45 degrees to the ankle

c. Parallel to the foot

d. Parallel to the tibia

31) Why is it recommended to position the instep strap slightly forward of 45 degrees when ankle joints are incorporated in the AFO design?

a. To provide better control

b. To prevent interference with the ankle joint

c. To provide a soft dorsiflexion stop for the joints

d. To increase AFO rigidity in the ankle area

31) What type of material is commonly used for instep and calf strap pads in thermoplastic AFOs?

a. Vinyl

b. Rubber

c. EVA

d. Leather

31) Why are pads recommended for all Tibia straps in a thermoplastic AFO?

a. To prevent the need for a second instep strap

b. To provide comfort and spread strap pressure

c. To eliminate the need for strap reinforcement

d. To eliminate the need for a high profile posterior calf plastic trim

31) Which type of stitching is commonly employed to attach foam pads to the straps in a thermoplastic AFO?

a. Zigzag stitch

b. Box stitch

c. Triangle stitch

d. Chain stitch

31) What is the primary purpose of hook and loop nylon straps in thermoplastic orthotic devices?

a. To add dynamic control

b. To provide passive ROM

c. To create a strong and reusable bond/closure

d. To prove adjustable dorsiflexion and plantarflexion stops

31) Which type of hook and loop nylon strap can eliminate the need for sewing?

a. Non-Self-Adhesive

b. Self-Adhesive

c. Rubber Cement Strapping

d. Dacron Reinforced

31) When are Dacron Reinforced Straps typically used in thermoplastic AFOs?

a) For children

b) For adults

c) For weightlifting

d) For skiing

31) What is the primary purpose of chafes with metal loops used alongside hook and loop straps in orthotic applications?

a. To add decorative elements to orthotic devices

b. To improve the aesthetics of orthotic devices

c. To reinforce and secure the straps or closures

d. To increase the rigidity of orthotic devices

31) What critical functions does a chafe and loop serve in orthotic applications?

a. Enabling precise strap placement

b. Creating a secure tightening mechanism,

c. Enhancing stability

d. Ensuring even pressure distribution

e. All are correct

f. None are correct

31) What type of closure, commonly seen on ski boots, provides maximum holding power in thermoplastic AFOs?

a. Hook and Loop Nylon Straps

b. Ratcheting Straps and Buckles

c. Dacron Reinforced Straps

d. Ultrasonically Welded Straps

31) How do Klick Buckles fasten in thermoplastic AFOs?

a. By pressing from the medial and lateral sides

b. By pulling the click hook

c. By squeezing from the top and bottom

d. By twisting the anterior tab

31) What do Forefoot Adduction or Abduction Straps target in thermoplastic AFOs?

a. Ankle stability

b. Flexible Forefoot deformities

c. Tibia rotation

d. Heel alignment

31) What is the primary purpose of an Extra Anterior Strap Below the Calf Strap in a thermoplastic AFO?

a. To allow for more padding

b. To spread pressure across a broader area

c. To focus pressure to a smaller area

d. To decrease the surface area ratio from the orthosis to its control points

31) What is the primary advantage of using a layover strap in the forefoot of an AFO within a shoe?

a. It provides optimal leverage for achieving a tight fit.

b. It eliminates the need for any additional strap components.

c. It reduces bulk, enhancing comfort and potentially reducing pressure points.

d. It creates an airtight seal between the AFO and the shoe.

31) How do Wrap-around straps differ from traditional straps in thermoplastic AFOs?

a. They are made of leather.

b. They require metal chafe and loops.

c. They eliminate the need for chafe and loops.

d. They are not suitable for those looking for a straight forward strap application.

31) What is Dacron webbing commonly used for in orthotic applications?

a. Arch support

b. Padding

c. Strap reinforcement

d. Aesthetic appeal

31) Which material is known for its exceptional tensile strength and durability in providing support to thermoplastic AFO closures?

a. Leather

b. Nylon

c. Dacron webbing

d. Pleather

31) What is the primary advantage of hook and loop closures in orthotic devices?

a. Aesthetic appeal

b. Resistance to wear

c. Adjustability and ease of donning and doffing

d. Improved shock absorption

31) What method does ultrasonic welding use to bond materials?

a. Heat

b. Electricity

c. High-frequency acoustic waves

d. Adhesive

31) What is the primary function of felt in orthopedic braces and splints?

a. Aesthetic appeal

b. Resistance to wear

c. Comfort and protection

d. Pressure relief

31) How is felt typically composed in orthopedic applications?

a. Wool and leather blend

b. Cotton and polyester blend

c. Wool and cotton blend

d. Synthetic materials only

31) Which type of foam material is known for its resistance to compression over time?

a. Polyurethane (PU) foams

b. Polyethylene (PE) foams

c. Polyurethane (PU) foams

d. Ethyl Vinyl Acetates (EVAs)

31) What is one of the common uses of Polyurethane (PU) foams in the O&P field?

a. Tibia pads

b. Instep pads

c. High-impact applications

d. Forefoot pads

31) Which foam material is known for its excellent shock-absorbing qualities and lightweight properties?

a. Polyurethane (PU) foams

b. Polyethylene (PE) foams

c. Ethyl Vinyl Acetates (EVAs)

d. Memory foam

31) What is the primary advantage of using closed-cell foams like Plastazote® in orthotic applications?

a. Breathability

b. Moisture absorption

c. Resistance to compression

d. Softness and flexibility

31) What does the durometer measure in orthotic materials?

a. Temperature resistance

b. Hardness

c. Elasticity

d. Thickness

31) What is an advantage of using closed-cell foams for AFO pads?

a. Enhanced breathability

b. Improved aesthetics

c. Ease of cleaning and maintenance

d. Increased rigidity

1) What is one of the primary roles of orthotic straps and closures in rehabilitation?

a. Pain reduction

b. Dynamic correction

c. Enhancing strength and mobility

d. Preventing deformities

1) How do corrective straps contribute to pain reduction?

a. By immobilizing the affected area

b. By increasing muscle strain

c. By redistributing body weight

d. By promoting instability

1) What is the advantage of dynamic correction provided by certain corrective straps?

a. It helps maintain static posture only

b. It adapts to the wearer's movements

c. It is rigid and non-adjustable

d. It restricts motion during activities

1) In the context of anatomy, what does the term "position" refer to?

a. The plane of division

b. The orientation of a body part

c. The act of changing position

d. The motion of joints

1) Which term is used to describe deformities or deviations in the alignment of body parts in the frontal plane?

a. Abduction

b. Dorsiflexion

c. Varus

d. Sagittal

1) In which plane does the frontal plane divide the body?

a. Front and back halves

b. Upper and lower halves

c. Left and right halves

d. Inside and outside halves

1) What term is used to describe the act of turning a body part inward?

a. Abduction

b. Eversion

c. Inversion

d. Pronation

1) What is the purpose of the transverse plane in anatomy?

a. It divides the body into front and back halves

b. It divides the body into upper and lower halves

c. It divides the body into left and right halves

d. It divides the body into outside and inside halves

1) What does "dorsiflexed" describe in terms of the ankle or foot position?

a. Flexed upward

b. Flexed downward

c. Turned inward

d. Turned outward

1) What is the term for the actual movement of a body part away from the body's midline?

a. Adduction

b. Eversion

c. Abduction

d. Pronation

1) Which term describes the position or alignment of the forearm or hand with the palm facing downward?

a. Supinated

b. Inverted

c. Pronated

d. Adducted

1) What condition results in the lateral malleolus becoming more prominent, the midfoot elevating, and the forefoot adducting?

a. Ankle Varus Deformity

b. Forefoot Valgus

c. Metatarsus Adductus

d. Pronatus Supinatus

1) What is the condition called when the front of the foot is rigidly turned in an everted position in relation to the rearfoot?

a. Forefoot Supinatus

b. Forefoot Pronatus

c. Forefoot Varus

d. Forefoot Valgus

1) What term is used to describe a deformity affecting the big toe joint, causing an outward turning of the distal big toe away from midline?

a. Hallux Abductus Valgus (Bunion)

b. Pes Calcaneus

c. Pes Equinus

d. Metatarsus Adductus

1) What does the term "Varus" refer to in the context of joint alignment?

a. Pushing in toward the center

b. Pushing out, away from the center line of the body

c. A lateral joint position

d. Ankle Valgus

1) What does the term "Valgus" refer to in the context of joint alignment?

a. Pushing out, away from the center

b. Pushing in toward the center line of the body

c. A medial joint position

d. Ankle Varus

1) Which plane is associated with the pathology term "Varus" and "Valgus"?

a. Frontal

b. Transverse

c. Sagittal

d. Triplane

1) In the frontal plane, what position is associated with "Varus" alignment?

a. Inverted

b. Everted

c. Dorsiflexed

d. Plantarflexed

1) What motion is typically associated with "Adductus" in the transverse plane?

a. Abduction

b. Inversion

c. Eversion

d. Adduction

1) In the sagittal plane, what position is associated with "Equinus"?

a. Dorsiflexed

b. Plantarflexed

c. Inverted

d. Everted

1) What motion is typically associated with "Pronatus" in the triplane?

a. Pronation

b. Supination

c. Adduction

d. Abduction

1) Which plane is associated with "Adductus" and "Abductus"?

a. Frontal

b. Transverse

c. Sagittal

d. Triplane

1) What position is typically associated with "Valgus" alignment in the frontal plane?

a. Inverted

b. Everted

c. Dorsiflexed

d. Plantarflexed

1) In the transverse plane, what motion is typically associated with "Abductus"?

a. Abduction

b. Inversion

c. Eversion

d. Adduction

1) In the sagittal plane, what motion is associated with "Plantarflexed"?

a. Abduction

b. Dorsiflexion

c. Eversion

d. Plantar Flexion

1) What Plane is typically associated with "Supinatus" alignment?

a. Sagittal

b. Transverse

c. Frontal

d. Triplane

1) Which plane divides the body into upper and lower halves?

a. Frontal

b. Transverse

c. Sagittal

d. Triplane

1) In the triplane, what motions occur?

a. Pronation / Supination

b. Dorsiflexion / Plantar Flexion

c. Adduction / Abduction

d. Inversion / Eversion

1) What is the primary purpose of the leather T-Strap for metal AFOs?

a. To provide cushioning for the ankle

b. To secure the AFO in place

c. To optimize ankle alignment and prevent contact with the metal upright

d. To enhance grip on the shoe

1) How much coverage does the T-Strap extend above the midsole of the shoe?

a. 1/4"

b. 1/2"

c. 1"

d. 2"

1) What material is used for padding and reinforcement in the T-Strap?

a. Leather

b. Rubber

c. Dacron

d. Metal

1) Where is the leather strap ends of the T-strap strategically positioned to provide correction on the metal AFO?

a. Around the outside of the metal upright on the medial side

b) Around the metal upright opposite of the deformity's lean or collapse

c. Around the bottom of the shoe

d. Across the instep area of the ankle

1) What is another name for the "Thermoplastic Slotted Varus/Valgus Corrective Ankle Strap"?

a. Dynamic Ankle Strap

b. Half-Moon Strap

c. Arch Support Strap

d. Plantar Fasciitis Strap

1) What is the purpose of the "Standard Varus Corrective/Control Instep Strap"?

a. To address valgus ankle deformities

b. To provide cushioning for the foot

c. To control varus ankle deformities

d. To secure the AFO in place

1) How does the "½ Figure 8 Varus Corrective/Control Strap" differ from the "Standard Varus Corrective/Control Instep Strap"?

a. It applies inversion force to the subtalar joint

b. It is made of rigid plastic

c. It originates from within the AFO

d. It does not have a slot or opening

1) What force does the "½ Figure 8 Valgus Corrective/Control Strap" apply to the subtalar joint?

a. Eversion

b. Inversion

c. Plantarflexion

d. Dorsiflexion