Social Psychology Mod 74-79

focus on the situation

social influence that explains why the same person will act differently in different situations

inferring the cause of someones behavior (explanation)

info about the person/situation prior to the current circumstance

can attribute behavior to persons stable enduring traits or to the situation

overestimate the influence of personality & underestimate the influence of situations

exception to fundamental attribution error

attribute behavior to situation

attribute behavior to internal causes

attributions have consequences

world is fair and victim must of deserved it (blaming victim)

using explanations that meet our needs (take credit for success, blame others for failures) *individual

modesty bias (collective culture) blame selves for failures downplay success

feelings that predispose our reactions to people objects & events

cognitive: thoughts/beliefs

behavioral: actions

emotional: feelings

leon festinger when behavior/attitudes and beliefs dont line up

by rationalizing behavior, change attitude, radical acceptance

doesnt engage systematic thinking but produces fast results (insta adds from celebs, direct approach)

other evidence & arguements aim to trigger favorable thoughts (indirect approach, analytical, involved issues)

agree to small request comply later w/ larger request

if i scratch your back you scratch mine

set expectations about social position & how you behave

unconsciously mimic others

study done by Tanya Chartrard & John Bargh if people copy our behavior we tend empathize with them more

adjusting our behavior or thinking toward some group standard

insecure, group of 3’s, everyone agrees, status & attractiveness, no prior commitment to response, people watching us, cultural expectations

sensitive to social norms (avoiding rejection & gain social approval)

conform because we want to be accurate

how others affect our behavior

collection of people who interact, share a common goal, & influence members thinking & action

people who you interact w/ daily

larger groups whom you have more impersonal relationship

improved performance of task in presence of others

someone isn’t ready to perform then they will avoid it if theyre ready they will be ready

being in front of people decreases performance

tendency for members in large group to work less

size more people less work, some people may be better at task, & sharing equally in benefits

tight cohesive group makes a bad decision

beliefs grow stronger in a group w/ likeminded people (echo chamber)

group participation makes people feel aroused & anonymous (we did it)

power of situation

power of one or two individuals

behaviors, values, & traditions that have been passed down through generations

relative wealth of people helps distinguish them form others (population, technology, climate)

how we relate to one another

influence future of relationship & based on physical appearance

form opinions of others based on first impressions

active & subjective process that occurs when we are looking at an individual

reaction to them, your goals, evaluation of social norms, your self perception & act on perception

mental shortcuts when no time form an impression (classify them)

beliefs/assumptions we have about certain traits that are linked to other characteristics/type of people

negative judgement

cluster of characteristics given to people

actions based on stereotypes & prejudice

belief that ones culture is better than the others

attitude that is an unthinking response

group you belong to (see as diverse/biased)

not a member of (homogeneity effect)

own race bias (starts 3-9 months recognition of faces)

students become experts & teach other group memebers

proximity, attractiveness, similarity

exposure to novel stimuli creates liking for them

physical arousal & cognitive appraisal

deep affectionate attachment oxytocin releases

equity (give take =), self disclosure (revealing intimate details), positive support (communication)

any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt/destroy

frustration (blocking an attempt to achieve a goal) creates anger

culturally modeled guide for how to act in certain situation

unselfish concern for the welfare of others

any behavior that helps another person no matter motive

cost benefit analysis (do pros out weigh cons)

max rewards minimize cost

expectations that we should return help not harm those who have helped us

help those who need help (kids)

diffusion of responsibility the more bystanders less people feel responsible

feel good doing things for others, guilt, see others helping, woman is in trouble, person deserves help, know how to help, not in a hurry/preoccupied

harm our collective well being for pursuing our personal interest

see enemy as untrustworthy they see us the same

close contact. cooperation, communication, conciliation