Semester 1 exam Waitkus Theo 3 H

Luke - Gentiles, the non-Jews

Matthew - Jews

Matthew, Mark, Luke

Written by Luke

It is referred to as the Gospel of the Church because is is written in summaries and discourses in order to display the events that happened

Summaries and Discourses

The Holy Spirit through fire and wind blessed the people at the Pentecost Feast so that they could all understand what each other was saying, and what Peter was saying in his speech. (They could understand each others tounges) Peter told the people that they and him are not drunk and it was thanks to the Lord and the Holy Spirit that they could all understand each other. Peter told the people to repent, be baptized and receive the gift of the Holy Spirit. 3,000 people were baptized that day.

At the council of Jerusalem there was a conflict, the conflict was if the newly converted gentiles needed to be circumsized or not. It was deemed not necessary to be circumsized. This was a significant event because the Pharisees were made mad because the Council of Jerusalem was not following Mosaic Law.

It ends abruptly without knowing what happened to Paul/Saul.

Baptism? Circumcision? ~ 3 years to get in.

The martyrdom is similar to monasticism. A martyr is the highest witness you can give to your faith. It was needed to show that people would die for your faith. Paved the way for monasticism and Monks. According to St. Benedict, “Bloodless Martyrdom” = Monastic life. Deacons martyrs were the seeds of the Church and Deacons lived out Christ.

Saul stopped persecuting Christians and started his life over again becoming Paul.

Saul was traveling to Damascus and he saw a blinding light which was God, God asks, “Saul, Saul, why are you persecuting me?” after this Saul becomes blind fasts for three days and then baptized by Ananias healing his sight. Saul then took up a new life changing his name to Paul. (Stopped persecuting Christians)

He was a Pharisee, also a Roman.

He wrote ~2/5 of the NT, Said we cannot just achieve salvation, we must earn it through faith.

He was not executed because he was a Roman

The Jews revolted because of the Roman Taxation and the raids of the temple.

70 AD

Addressed problems of the Church, defended Christians.

The first martyr; starved to death

A non-Jew

It was spread quickly because it was appealing (hope for poor, faith leads to your own kingdom), Diaspora (Dispersion of the Jews; home base in every town), Roman Travel, Pax Romana (Time of peace; stability), and Practices

It was rooted out of early Christian persecutions and mortal sin being forgiven.

Pope St. Cornelius said that that the Lapsi, people who committed mortal sin (Went against Jesus and God), could be forgiven if they participated in penance.

A very cool Roman leader.

Converted at the Battle of Milvian bridge. Constantine prayed to the Christian God and saw the Chi-Rho (sign of God). Constantine and his troops were told to put it on their shields and God would have their side in the battle. This was a battle that Constantine was going to lose, but they won. It was a miracle.

Arianism said that Jesus is not 100% Human and 100% Divine like Nicene Christianity, it says that Jesus it the adopted son of God, and that he is not 100% Divine but 100% Human.

Arianism: Jesus is not fully divine.

Nicene: Jesus is fully divine and human. Consubstantial with the Father. -Council of Nicea 325

Were we actually truly saved by Jesus if the man part died, but not the divine part?

Over Expanded boundaries

Bad Leadership

Constant wars/battles

The mother of Constantine, credited with finding the real cross of Jesus Christ.

Mother of St. Augustine, credited with returning St. Augustine back to Christianity.

Founder of Arianism

The leader of Rome that split it into four parts.

The ones who made a grave/mortal sin.

When Constantine converted to Christianity, was expected to lose the battle, but the Christian God came and blessed Constantine’s troops with the Chi-Rho. Constantine and his troops ended up winning the battle.

Extended Religious toleration for all religions

A council called by Constantine to form the Nicean Creed, what we believe in.

The Latin translation of the Bible by St. Jerome

St. Augustine’s autobiography

The donation of land (Papal States), money, and authority to the Church.

Charlemagne

Was significant because when he converted all of France, the Franks, converted as well. This made the Kingdom of the Franks the baseline for Christianity.

1054

West: Latin (Claimed official language of Christianity), laity more involved in the clergy, Primacy of the Pope

East: Greek (Official language of Rome), laity more involved with religious questions, councils aided by emperor.

People who were poor would go on the Crusades because they had nothing going on for them in their lives. They were promised remission of sins if they died, or land if they returned alive.

A lot of people went on Crusades in order to receive these things.

1st Crusade: Didn’t go well, plundered land for resources, at Antioch there was a siege and a huge massacre of Jews.

4th Crusade: Destruction of Constantinople and the Crusades disgusted people

3rd Crusade: No one was happy, Jerusalem wasn’t taken, but trade flourished.

Overall: Trade began to flourish again, military orders began to form, knights templar, technological advances and medical discoveries.

Monte Casino

Crowned by St. Boniface, donated land, money, and authority to the Church

Apostle of Germany; Evangelized the German people

The first Holy Roman Emperor, split east and west empire and appointed Bishops as governors.

A Muslim war leader that lead the Muslims during the 3rd Crusade.

English leader who helped lead the (unsuccessful) Third Crusade against Saladin and the Muslims son of Henry II

St. Benedicts most famous monastery

Positions appointed by the non-religious

In 27 propostions, spelled out the rights of the Pope

The begging order of the Church

They were poor, and they lived in the community.

Gothic: Pointed Arches, Stone to rise to the heavens, long and high roofs.

Roman: Stone buildings, heavy walls, semicircular arches.

Didactic: Used to teach illiterate, home of the saints, martyrs, and Christ.

Culturic: Helped understanding of eucharist, place for a miracle.

Avignon

Because this was not where the Church is based out of it is based out of Rome not France.

Luxurious

Became a priest because he promised God if he didn’t die in a harsh thunder storm.

Originally for the Clergy, originally written in Latin then translated into German for all to read. Posted on the Eve of All Saints Day. (October 31st)

Diet of Worms

A meeting of all of the Roman Catholic leaders, called by Pope Paul to rule on doctrines criticized by the protestant reformers.

Was the Papal Bull, a statement from the pope to the Church, disses the Roman Pontiff. Leads to Boniface being arrested, tortured, and killed by Philip.

Being proud of your nation/country. France vs. England 100 years war.

Place that Martin Luther was condemned at, Luther refused to recant.

Written by Martin Luther, originally in Latin directed at the Clergy and Church, then translated into German for the people to see. Posted on the eve of All Saints Day. (October 31)

That the wine and bread are actually the body and blood of Jesus.

That the wine and bread are not actually the body and blood of Jesus, but it is spiritually it.

Mother of Mary Tudor, divorced because she didn’t provide a male heir. Rough marriage.

The Prince of Saxony

The seller of Indulgences for Pope Leo X that Martin Luther hated.

Daughter of Anne Boleyn, synthesized a bunch of religions together to found the Anglican Church. Didn’t allow the priests to celebrate Catholic mass. She wanted to be the true heir of England.

Daughter of Catharine of Aragon, Catholic to prove that she is the true heir of England.

Known as the prince of Humanism, debated with Luther over free will.

Angels, didn’t believe in angels

Left First monastery because there was a plot to kill him.

Pharisees

Zealots

Temple of Cluney

Removal of all future heresies

The Papacy moved back to Rome, and significant public pressure.

Worship the Lord, Live in a community, Share the message, Serve Others

The movement to promote unity among Christian groups

Significant because it decides the mosaic law.

Significant because it decided what we believe, nicean creed.

Significant because they elected a third pope (Alexander V), Conciliar Movement

Movement in the Church to provide authority and power to Church councils

Significant because they elected pope Martin V

Significant because they changed stuff about the Church. (Limited positions, regulated relics and indulgences, trained priests, three books; Roman Catechism, Roman Missal, Roman ritual.)

Place where St. Benedict was plotted to be killed at. Left Rome to live here.

Buying and selling of Church lands and positions

Appointment of positions based off relationships and family

His translations of the Bible are used in the Catholic Church today. "Follower of Cicero and not of Christ." Studied under Gregory of Nazianzus Explosive temper, vulgate translations of the bible.

He was begged to become the Bishop of Milan because he was able to settle the affair of deciding who should succeed the Arian Bishop. Incited a riot. (Stand off at the Portiana. Combated Arianism in the west

Grew up wealthy, went off to war to become popular. Got caught and wasn’t bailed out by his father, finally released. Viewed as a mad man after, had a vision in the San Damiano. Was radical, some questioned if he was a heretic. (Franciscan) Mendicant Movement

Its Saul

The Rule of St. Benedict