Biology Genetics 9th grade

threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes.

Sequence of DNA that codes for protein and thus determines a trait.

(biochemistry) a long linear polymer found in the nucleus of a cell and formed from nucleotides and shaped like a double helix

Part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell's nucleus divides.

Sex cells

animal reproductive body consisting of an ovum or embryo together with nutritive and protective envelopes

Male reproductive organ.

Feritilized egg.

Process by which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the seperation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell.

development of spermatozoa

development of ova

The male gonads, which produce sperm and secrete male sex hormones.

produces eggs

one of a matching pair of chromosomes, one inherited from each parent

Term used to refer to a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes.

Term used to refer to a cell that contains only a single set of chromosmes and therfore only a single set of genes.

Scientific study of heredity.

Father of Genetics

the biological process whereby genetic factors are transmitted from one generation to the next

Male part of the flower; made up of an anther and a filament.

the fine spores that contain male gametes and that are borne by an anther in a flowering plant

the female ovule-bearing part of a flower composed of ovary and style and stigma

when sperm cells in pollen fertilize the egg cells in the same flower; seeds that are produced inherit all of their characteristics from the single plant that bore them

pollen from one flower transfered to the sticky stigma of another flower

States some alleles are dominant and others are recessive.

The trait that is most likely to appear in the next generation

The trait that is less likely to appear in the next generation

A mixed gene (Gg)

100% same (GG)

states that the two alleles for a character segragate when gametes are formed

different combinations of alleles

what an organism looks like as a consequence of its genotype

having identical alleles at corresponding chromosomal loci

having dissimilar alleles at corresponding chromosomal loci

Traits that differ from eachother, or do not favor each other.

the law that states that genes seperate independantly of one another in meiosis

different forms of a gene

hybridization using a single trait with two alleles (as in Mendel's experiments with garden peas)

hybridization using two traits with two alleles each

Traits that are not fully dominant, nor fully recessive