Unit 2 AP bio 

________ and muscle cells have gated ion channel proteins to enable the flow of charged ions such as sodium and potassium present in the sodium potassium pump of action potentials.

When water utilizes facilitated diffusion, it is called ________.

________ generally have a large central water vacuole which stores water and ions.

The ________ are what controls the movement of substances described above.

________ ribosomes are attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum and mainly make proteins for export.

The membrane acts like a barrier separating the inside of the cell from the ________ of the cell.

Many unicellular ________ have contractile vacuoles to pump water out of the cell.

In ________, the cell engulfs a large molecule, and brings it into the cell.

________ and oxygen gas frequently rely on simple diffusion in order to enter and exit the cell membrane.

The proximity of the stroma to the thylakoids allows for the sharing of products between the ________ (which happens in the stroma) and the light- dependent reactions.

When molecules are secreted from the cell, it is called ________.

Are ________ which store many different things, such as food or water.

________ can not pass through the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane easily when particles are either charged or polar.

________ are essential for plant cells, red blood cells.

The inside of the ________ is called the mitochondrial matrix, which is the site of the Krebs Cycle.

When ________ binds to the receptor, the plasmid pulls away creating a vesicle with the ________.

The cell reaches a point where the ________ doesnt allow enough nutrients to pass that the cell needs it divides.

The ________ (ER), made up of two parts, serves to make other products that the cell needs.

In prokaryotes, ________ is converted to proteins right after being made from DNA, as they do not have a nucleus or endoplasmic reticulum.

Uses energy, in the form of ________, to transport molecules against their concentration gradient.

The structure of the membrane, with the hydrophobic tails and ________, the cellular membrane has selective permeability.

________ synthesize proteins according to mRNA sequences that they receive during the process of translation.

Is a(n) ________ of a substance from an area of higher to lower concentration.

________ also have their own circular DNA.

Facilitated dIffusion is a(n) ________ which does NOT require energy.

A(n) ________ is one that has LESS solute than the inside of the cell.

The ________ is made up of the stroma, or liquid filling of the ________, and the thylakoids, flat sacs of membranes that allow for the absorption of light.

A(n) ________ is one that has MORE solute in it than there is inside of the cell.

________ may also be used for large or bulky molecules or to transport large quantities of small molecules.

A(n) ________ is one that has EQUAL solute in it to that of the cell.

In ________, after RNA is made from DNA in the process of transcription, it moves to the ribosome to go through the process of translation.

The ________ is also used to recycle and digest old or damaged parts of the cell.

The ________ inside and out of the cell is essential to its survival.

________ provide an easy way for hydrophilic molecules to pass through the concentration gradient.

They are the ________ and are responsible for making all of the proteins for the cell.

________ occurs when molecules go down the concentration gradient.

________ are laid throughout the membrane to provide a Hydrophilic passage through for the molecules to avoid the Hydrophobic core.

________ can be hydrophobic, hydrophilic, charged, uncharged, polar, or non- polar depending on the configuration of the amino acids in the protein.

________ are in the cytosol and make proteins that stay in the cell for various functions.

The ________ of the mitochondria membrane, referred to as cristae, are essential to the increased surface area of the inner membrane.

The ________ "surrounding solutes into small vesicles that are covered in a layer of protein.

A(n) ________ from the Golgi apparatus moves along the microtubules in the cell until it reaches the plasma membrane.

The ________ also has glycoproteins and glycolipids attached to it along with steroids.

The ________ that an early ancestor of eukaryotic cells engulfed a prokaryotic cell, and the prokaryotic became an endosymbiont, a cell living in another cell.

________ allows organisms to control their internal solute composition and water potential.

By reducing the amount of competing space and ________, and also reducing the amount of competing reactions, eukaryotic cells are able to be more efficient than prokaryotic cells.

The ________ has to move out of the nucleus to either a free- standing ribosome or to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

________ can digest foods by using phagocytosis or engulfing nutrients to digest them.

________ alter their shape to allow the flow of molecules through the concentration gradient of the membrane similarly to an enzyme substrate complex.

Is also a(n) ________ of a substance from an area of higher to lower concentration.

subcellular components

fluid mosaic model

Channel proteins and carrier proteins