nervous system (module 3)

What does the central nervous system control

brain and spinal cord

what does the peripheral nervous system control

all other nerves

nervous system functions

sensory, integrative, motor

types of neurons

sensory, motor, interneurons

function of glial cells

support and care for neurons

function of neurons

take in information and relay messages

do neurons undergo mitosis

no

do glial cells undergo mitosis

yes

types of glial cells

astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, schwann cells, ependymal

astrocytes

form blood brain barrier

ependymal cells

produce cerebrospinal fluid

Microglia

phagocytic cells that ingest and break down waste products and pathogens in the CNS

schwann cells

produce myelin in the pns

Oligodendrocytes

Form myelin sheath in CNS

parts of a neuron

dendrites, cell body, axon, axon terminal, myelin sheath, nodes of ranvier

dendrites

Branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive information

cell body of a neuron

contains nucleus and organelles

axon

A threadlike extension of a neuron that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body.

nodes of ranvier

gaps in the myelin sheath

myelin sheath

covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed neural impulses, fatty sheath

axon terminal

The endpoint of a neuron where neurotransmitters are stored

white matter in brain

myelinated axons

gray matter in brain

unmyelinated axons

synapse

junction between two neurone

axon terminal of one meeting with the dendrites of the other, to transmit information

where do ssris work

at the synapse of the neuron

action potential

a nerve impulse

where are neurotransmitters released

at nerve ending (axon terminal)

4 major areas of the brain

cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem, cerebellum

largest part of brain

cerebrum

left brain

logic and language

right brain

creativity and emotion

gyrus

convolutions on the brain surface

sulci

grooves that divide the gyrus

central sulcus

seperates frontal lobe and parietal lobe

precentral gyrus

gyrus anterior to the central sulcus

parietal lobe

somartosensory area, controls temperature, pain, touch, proprioception

occipital lobe

visual cortex

thalamus

takes info from lower brain and brings to sensory areas of cerebrum

hypothalamus

regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, and sexual behavior

meninges

three protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord

cerebral spinal fluid

A solution that fills the hollow cavities of the brain and circulates around the brain and spinal cord. Provides nourishment, cushions, and removes wastes.

blood brain barrier

Blood vessels (capillaries) that selectively let certain substances enter the brain tissue and keep other substances out

spinal cord

continuation of the brain stem, tubelike structure located in spinal cavity. runs from bottom of skull to lumbar.

basal ganglia

primary neurotransmitter is dopamine

substantia nigra

main component of basal ganglia

ascending tracts

nerves within cns carry sensory info

descending tracts

nerves within cns carry motor info

reflex action

involuntary response to a stimulus action

neuron

single nerve cell

nerve

bundles of neurons with fascia and blood supply

autonomic nervous system ans

the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs. Has a sympathetic division and a parasympathetic division

sympathetic division

fight or flight

parasympathetic division

rest and digest

what body parts are effected by sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

eyes, heart, lungs, skeletal muscles, digestive organs

drugs that effect the ans

cholinergic, adrenergic

agonist

mimicking

antagonist

opposes, blocks, opposite