Ancient Philosophy

when a thing fulfils its potentiality

a comparison that plato make's between reality and a story about a prisoner escaping from a cave

remembering a previous life/experience

when the premises in an argument contain the conclusion

based on premises that are not based on experience

based on premises drawn from experience

the act of causing something

study of the nature of the universe

a connection between two or more things

when the existence of a thing is dependent on something else

an argument where the conclusion is logically necessary

a platonic deity who fashioned the world in the light of eternal ideas

The belief that reality can be divided into two distinct parts, such as good and evil, or physical and non-physical

In Aristotle's cosmology, that which brings something about. The sculptor is the efficient cause in the making of a statue.

branch of philosophy concerned with the study of knowledge

based on sense experience

Aristotle's concept of purpose - that for which a thing exists. For Aristotle, the universe is entirely purposive.

here/with us in this universe

unchanging

argument where the conclusion is not logically necessary

knowledge we are born with- plato says this is from the world of forms

a never ending chain into the past

platos idea that everything on earth is an inferior copy of the forms in a permanent spiritual reality. There are forms of objects and concepts

the highest of platos forms. the source of all knowledge

For Aristotle, that which gives things its structure - this material is a table because it has the form (shape and characteristics) of a table.

an error in thinking that weakens an argument

For Aristotle, the stuff or substance necessary for something to be. This is a table because the stuff of the table exists.

the belief that the only existents are physical beings

that which is beyond the everyday physical world that can be perceived through the senses

the belief that there is no body/soul distinction and the two are one entity

a being whose existence depends on no other being

a family of views in philosophy that rejects generally accepted or fundamental aspects of human existence eg. nietzsche, camus, sartre

the premises do not contain the conclusion

a philosophical rule that says we should accept the simplest solution

a statement that forms a part of an argument and leads to a conclusion

in aristotles cosmology, the final cause of the universe, drawing everything towards himself by attraction. He is indifferent to the universe and not a creator in the sense of maker of things

a statement that cannot be false eg. 2+2=4

measuring the likelihood of something

Someone who thinks that the primary source of knowledge is reason

Using logical steps and thought processes in order to reach conclusions

doubt/ the theory that knowledge is impossible

The method of philosophical reasoning which involves critical reasoning, associated with socrates

the spiritual or immaterial part of a human being or animal, regarded as immortal

an argument is sound where the logic is good and the premises is true

the saying of the same thing twice over in different words eg. a bachelor is an unmarried man

the end of purpose of something

Being beyond this world and outside the realms of ordinary experience

An argument is valid when it is logical but this does not necessarily make it true