Chapter 16: Southern Reconstruction

Rutherford B Hayes

________ was a mild- mannered conservative who had a good reputation to reunite the party.

General Oliver O Howard

________ directs the Buraeu to feed millions of former slaves and poor southerners facing starvation in the winter.

Mutual aid societies

________ included organizations like hospitals, saving banks, firefighter stations.

Thirteenth Amenment

________: Passed by Congress on January 1865, prohibiting slavery and involuntary servitude in all forms except as punishment for crime.

Andrew Johnson

________ is inaugurated after Lincolns death.

Christmas insurrection fuels

________ discrimination and distrust, plantation owners still want to keep their land and power.

Enforcement Act

________ of 1870: prohibited force or threat of force against anyone trying to register to vote or attempting to vote.

African Americans

________ played an important role in shaping their and the Souths destiny.

Ku Klux Klan

________ was the largest such organization, rituals of humiliation meant to diminish African American voices.

Carpetbaggers

________: impoverished and ill- educated, derogatory term to White Northern Republicans going to the south.

Tenure of Office Act

________: prohibited president from sacking cabinet members whose appointment requires Senate approval.

Political centers

________: religion and politics considered intertwined.

1867 declares

Reconstruction act of ________ that, except Tennessee, no Confederate state government under President Johnsons Reconstruction policy were legal.

Congress

Ten Percent Plan requires ________ to consent.

federal policies

Reconstruction: ________ to reintegrate previously seceded states.

Civil War

For freed people, the ________ was fought for freedom and against slavery, so the federal government should land from their old masters as a symbol of economic independence and freedom.

Grapevine telegraph

________: informal communication network for enslaved people, how the "Christmas Jubilee "rumor spread.

Lincoln

________ argues that uniting the nation lies to the president, and harsh punishment was not necessary.

general church

Women take control of missionary societies, literacy programs, and ________ activities.

Reconstruction governments

________: Republican dominated legislatures in the south which acted on principles in new state Constitutions, where universal women suffrage first seen in three states.

Race riots

________ break out in southern cities: beatings, murder, and backlash of anti- black violence.

Scalawags

________: useless farm animals, derogatory term to Republicans.

Supreme Court

The ________ limits key civil rights legislation by 1883, stopping democratic experiment.

Fifteenth Amendment

________: passed in 1869 and ratified in 1870. a citizens right to vote could not be denied or altered based on race or color or past bondage in slavery.

Wartime reconstruction

________: Lincoln and Congress debate how to unite South and North, starting before the war ends.

Christmas jubilee

________: confiscation of plantations and division into small farms, being given to people of color.

National reconstruction

________: legal terms and conditions COnfederates would agree after surrendering.

Jubilee Insurrection

________: rumors in the south cited that armed mobs of freed slaves would seize old slave plantations.

John Wilke Booth

________ assassinated Lincoln, altering political power.

Congressional reconstruction

________: Republicans in Congress reject Johnsons plan, first path into an inclusive democracy.

Rural blacks

________ used conventions to put education, labor and land reform on Republican political agenda.

Wade Davis Bill of 1864

________: If a majority of a states voters pledged allegiance to the union, the president could appoint a governor and call an election for a state constitution.

Fourteenth amendment

________: birth on US soil established American citizenship (except for Native Americans)

portion of crop

Sharecropping was when a person rented a part of a plantation, and in return, gave the landowner a(n) ________.

Black Codes

________: harsh set of laws giving black southerners the right to make contracts and use courts, but attempted to turn them into a willing labor force.

Freedmens Bureau Bill

________: renewed Bureau for another year, widened powers, granted authority to cancel labor contracts.

Congressional Reconstruction

________: aggressive republican plan ensuring certain rights, against Presidential Reconstruction.