Skin Lesions

common and usually manifest due to localized damage to the skin, or due to an underlying condition

two types of skin lesions

arise from previously healthy skin and are linked to a particular cause

• originate from the progression of a primary skin lesion

• can be due to its treatment or due to traumatic manipulation, including rubbing or scratching

types of primary skin lesions

types of secondary skin lesions

fluid-filled bubble under the skin, where the clear, watery liquid inside called serum leaks in from neighboring tissues as a result of injury in the skin

small blisters, while those larger than an inch are bullae

possible causes of blisters

a small patch on the skin that is not elevated but is different in color than the surrounding skin

• aka hypopigmented macules

• patches of skin that are lighter than the surrounding area

• vary in shape but are commonly lance shaped or elliptical

• harmless white spots that are often seen in patients with Tuberculosis Sclerosis Complex

• aka circumscribed café-au-lait hypermelanosis, von Recklinghausen spot, or abbreviated as 'CALM'."

• "common birthmark, presenting as a hyperpigmented skin patch with a sharp border and diameter of >0.5 cm.

• may be isolated or linked to systemic diseases like neurofibromatosis (NF), Legius syndrome, McCune Albright syndrome, and Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines syndrome

T/F Café-au-lait macules are associated with genetic syndromes such as Watson syndrome, Bloom syndrome, and Silver-Russell syndrome.

• an "elevated, solid, palpable lesion > 1 cm usually located primarily in the dermis and/or subcutis"

• greatest portion of the lesion may be exophytic or beneath the skin surface

• most common causes are infections, thyroid hormones, iodine deficiency, and lymphadenopathy

common causes of nodules

an elevated, solid lesion that is ≤ 1 cm in diameter and can be palpated

• Solid, inflamed bumps that are typically conical without a white or yellow pus-filled tip

• Usually smaller than 1 cm and may be either the same color as the skin or red, brown or purple

• Most common during adolescence but can also affect adults

common causes of acne papules

• common and are often a solitary lesion around the nose area

• shaped like a dome, firm, non-tender, 1-6mm in diameter, and typically develop during late adolescence and early adulthood

• can occur without an underlying condition

• harmless but widespread and in great number, often extending beyond the nasal area

T/F Acne papules are not connected to genetic conditions such as tuberous sclerosis, Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome, and multiple neuroendocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1).

• "circumscribed lesion that contains pus"

• frequently seen in adolescents and are usually manifestations of underlying disorders, including acne and folliculitis

• can appear anywhere in the body but are typically located on the face, chest, and back

common causes of pustules

• the skin becomes red, inflamed, and bumpy

• some are dry and itchy, while others are painful

causes of skin rashes

types of skin rashes

• also known as Hives, are often characterized by a raised, itchy rash

• can be both acute and chronic

last 6 weeks or less and can be caused by an allergen or irritant, such as eating or touching a nettle

type of hives

• a long-term condition

• might be a symptom of an autoimmune disorder or a chronic medical condition

• experience hives everyday for months or even years

hives can develop in repsonse to:

T/F If a person has hives, they are at risk of developing anaphylaxis, a potentially fatal condition.

• macule or papule larger than 1⁄2 inch (<1 cm) in diameter

• prompts white or lighter patches of skin to develop on the body

• color red, itchy and scaly

• dried fluid or exudates on the skin

• filled with sebum, pus, and bloodfilled with sebum, pus, and blood and the color of it gives us a hint about its cause

yellow crusts

yellow-green crusts

red or brown crusts

crust from bulla or pustule

crust from excoriations

• open wound, with a thick and raised outer border caused by poor blood circulation

• most commonly encountered on the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the lower extremities

• loss of the outer layer of the epidermis

• dry, horny, platelike excrescence which is usually the result of imperfect cornification

• usually a symptom of underlying or associated conditions such as allergic eczema, athlete's foot, contact dermatitis, and psoriasis.

• mark left in our skin after the healing of an injury or wound. It is a part of our body's natural healing process

• form when the dermis is damaged

types of scars

• thick, rounded, irregular clusters of scar tissue that form at the site of a wound on the skin but extend beyond the wound's borders

• made up of collagen

• are similar to keloids but they grow within the confines of the original skin defect, they may be more responsive to treatment

• usually thick and raised, may appear red as well

• commonly occurs to the burn patients who have second-degree deep burn or severe burns

unusual occurrence that occurs when a large area of skin is damaged and lost, leaving a scar

scar-like bands of tissue that form between two surfaces within the body and cause them to stick together

• a decrease in dermal thickness

• usually a manifestation of aging

skin condition that occurs when your hair follicles become plugged with oil and dead skin cells

causes of acne

types of acne

hair follicle plugs that remain beneath the skin and cause a white bump

• plugged follicles that reach the skin's surface and open up

• appear black on the skin's surface due to air discoloration of the sebum, not because they are dirty

inflamed lesions that appear as small, pink bumps on the skin and are tender to the touch

Papules with white or yellow pus-filled lesions at the base that may be red

cluster of painful, tiny blisters caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV)

are also known as herpes simplex labialis

• skin infection caused by a virus

• lasts a lifetime and causes painful or itchy sores and blisters that appear and disappear

types of herpes simplex

a rough, scaly patch of skin caused by years of sun exposure

• lesions that take the form of erythematous papules, often with overlying vesicles, which ooze and become crusted

• coalesce into raised, scaling plaques over time.

subtypes of eczema

• superficial infections associated with puncture wounds that are caused by bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa

• bacterial infection characterized by an accumulation of neutrophils beneath the stratum corneum that often produces a subcorneal pustule

A less frequent bullous variant of pediatric impetigo

a common chronic inflammatory dermatosis

classifications of psoriasis

• an infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus

• causes an itchy rash with small, fluid-filled blisters

an acute infection of the peripheral nervous system caused by herpes zoster, the virus that also causes chickenpox

two stages of shingles

• also known as Epidermoid cysts

• is a dome-shaped, protein-filled, slow-growing mass that can move easily under the skin

• white or yellow

Infections are common after Staphylococcus aureus is inoculated into an open wound.

two types of staph MRSA infection

a frequent and possibly dangerous bacterial skin infection

not an infection, but an infestation, and also known as sarcoptic mange.

types of scabies

a painful, pus-filled bump that develops beneath the skin, in which when bacteria infect and inflame one or more of hair follicles

collection of boils that unite to form an infected region beneath the skin

a fluid-filled sac or lesion, develops when fluid becomes trapped beneath a thin layer of skin; type of blister

types and associated causes of blisters

types and associated causes of nodules

• also known as urticaria

• itchy, raised welts that are found on the skin and are usually red, pink, or flesh-colored

raised bumps on skin caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV)

types of warts

types of wounds

a localized injury to the skin and/or underlying tissue usually over a bony prominence, as a result of pressure, or pressure in combination with shear and/or friction

• developed due to the peripheral circulatory disturbance

• usually affect the lower extremities, particularly the feet

• result of chronic venous hypertension, due to severe varicose veins or congestive heart failure

• most oftenly affect the elderly

• due to atherosclerosis of peripheral artery, especially associated with diabetes

caused by purposeful or surgical incision