Rome test

Brothers, eventually fought to the death(Romulus killed Remus), raised by wolves, founded Rome

• Standing up for your beliefs

• If you want something, take it

• Strength & power

• Glory

• Wolf-like: take action, move as a pack/group(reject individuality), loyalty, trust

Near the center of the Italian peninsula, midway between Alps & Italy’s southern tip, it was a goof place for trade, and also had protection because of surrounding mountains

They got their language and settlements

They got their religion and they established colonies in Italy and Sicily

Introduced a writing system, influenced architecture, and led to the formation of the republic because of a bad king who led the people to revolt

People can vote for their leader

Upper-class, wealthy landowners, power & social status

Lower-class, majority of population, farmers & merchants etc

Original set of roman laws

There were 2 of them, 1 Year long term, 10 year intermission before running again, commanded army & directed govt

300 members, Patricians(later, plebeians were also allowed)

Citizen-soldiers, members for life, select consuls, make laws, elect praetors

Organized by plebeians, members for life, elected tribunes & made laws for common people

Plebeian representatives, protected plebeian rights from patrician officials, could veto the senate

there were 8, 1 year term, 2 of them oversee civil and criminal courts, others govern provinces

only 1, chosen in times of crisis, 6 month term, absolute power, chosen by consuls & elected by senate

there is a long approval process - may take too long to get things done, too many people(muddles ideas, conflicting opinions, in-fighting), a Dictator has so much power, can do so much in 6 months, good ideas can be vetoed by bad people

They showed leniency towards conquered peoples led to happiness & trust within the empire(considered conquered people complete citizens or allies)

Conflict between Rome and Carthage over Sicily and the Mediterranean, won by Rome

General Hannibal of Carthage was angered about their loss, impressive effort with huge army & elephants, did surprise attacks and made many casualties for the Romans, marched forces up and down Italian peninsula, Roman General Scipio ultimately matched Hannibal’s strategic expertise & defeated him

Rome's victory over Carthage and Greece after soldiers were left homeless because of their time spent away fighting

Gave Rome more resources & power, but made the republic more and more difficult to maintain(so many people to keep track of & listen to all the ideas!)

Rich landowners increased rent and drove poor people out of their lands, a law was passed that one person could only own 500 acres of land, which helped the poor for a while, until the rich plotted to get their lands back anyways

he thinks that they they carried the rich on their backs & had nothing to show for it, had to fight to defend the things they did not have

Generals recruited soldiers and provided everything for them, so the soldiers were loyal to their generals rather than Rome

Farmers couldn’t compete with big estates and their slave work, they either had to sell to the rich and become homeless or join the military

They gave them free bread and entertainment

a group of three rulers

Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus

conquer Gaul.

they ordered him to disband and return to Rome, Caesar disobeyed and went and fought Pompey’s army, driving him away, he then returned to rome, appointed himself dictator, and the made himself dictator for life

He expanded the Senate, adding friends & allies, created jobs for the poor, created colonies so the landless could own land & increased pay for soldiers

The Gov didn’t like how much power he had, senators & nobles plotted to assassinate him & killed him 

Caesar’s grandnephew + adopted son

Augustus, Mark Antony, and Lepidus

Augustus made Lepidus retire & became enemies/rivals with Antony, had a civil war w/ him, and ended up as the sole ruler

He Made great buildings, stabilized government that continued to last for centuries, allowed common people to rule

Peace of Rome, started by Augustus

200 years

90% of people were engaged in farming, Romans depended on local produce, trade unified the Empire: common currency, cultural diffusion, came from all over the empire straight to rome

Greeks valued individuality, Romans valued strength in number/ability to work effectively as a whole under one command

Gladiator fights, usually slaves fighting

Spirits in everyone and everything

Family spirits, looked after families, didn’t want to get on their bad sides, make Romans very conscious of their actions, because they thought that they were always being watched

The Gov had to make free public gladiator events & races & games to get them to socialize/have a common interest

Inflation, an untrustworthy army, loss of patriotism, and it being so big that it was hard to be ruled by 1 person

Diocletian,was strict, and claimed to be decent from the gods, but he solved problems, like Inflation: set prices for goods, Respect for the government: claimed to have divine descent, Untrustworthy army: doubled size of army, Too large for just one ruler: split west & east to two rulers

Byzantium

The Germanic tribes

Jew from Nazareth, preached monotheism, the ten commandments, the importance of love, became known as the Messiah after his death, reappeared after death and ascended to heaven

cleansed people of sin, sort of an initiation for christianity

Written by the Apostles, Stories about Jesus, Written 30-60 years after Jesus died, For believers of Jesus, to teach them what they are supposed to know

the primary disciples of Jesus

He hung out with the outcasts of rome, healed people on Shabbat / broke Jewish law/s, attacked people selling sacrifices at the Temple, Accepts reputation as Messiah & “king of Jews”

If the Jews would all follow Jesus and his ideas, Rome would crush Judea so Jewish leaders decide they need to eliminate Jesus and they turn him over to the Romans, who crucify him

Pax Romana helped because of it’s common language and widespread travel, they accepted everyone, gave hope to people with nothing(the promise of rewards in the afterlife), appealed to people against Rome, personal relationship with G-d. also the Roman emperor of the time, Constantine, converted to Christianity & stopped persecution & promoted it to the people

Apostle, basically Jesus’ right hand

• Originally Jewish & persecuted the Christians, converted to Christianity(saw Jesus on the road after his death preaching his teachings), Wrote the Epistles , said that believing in Jesus makes you a descendent of Abraham. Spread Christianity outside of Israel & Rome - ended up the last ones standing because the rest were killed 

Written by paul, letters to early Christian communities/churches